Fardisya

Fardisya
فرديسيا
Etymology: Paradise[1]
1870s map
1940s map
modern map
1940s with modern overlay map
A series of historical maps of the area around Fardisya (click the buttons)
Fardisya is located in Mandatory Palestine
Fardisya
Fardisya
Location within Mandatory Palestine
Coordinates: 32°16′41″N 35°00′47″E / 32.27806°N 35.01306°E / 32.27806; 35.01306
Palestine grid151/187
Geopolitical entityMandatory Palestine
SubdistrictTulkarm
Date of depopulationApril 1, 1948
Area
[3]
 • Total1,092 dunams (1.092 km2 or 270 acres)
Population
 (1945)
 • Total20[2][3]
Current LocalitiesSha'ar Efraim[4]

Fardisya was a Palestinian Arab hamlet in the Tulkarm Subdistrict, 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) south of Tulkarm.

It was depopulated during the 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 1, 1948, under Operation Coastal Clearing, and was mostly destroyed with the exception of a single deserted house.

Today the area where the village stood been subsumed into the Arab-Israeli town of Tayibe.

History

Achaelological excavations have recovered ceramics from the Iron Age (c. tenth century BCE), and a sarcophagus from the Roman era.[5][6]

The Crusaders referred to Fardisya as Phardesi.[4] In 1207–08 the Hospitallers received from Lady Juliana of Caesarea the villages of Pharaon (Far´un) and Seingibis (Khirbat Nisf Jubail);[7] Phardesi marked the southern boundary of these lands.[8]

In 1265, Fardisya was among the villages and estates sultan Baibars allocated to his emirs after he had expelled the Crusaders, with the whole of Fardisya given to his emir Saif al-Din Baidaghan al-Rukni.[9]

Potsherds from the Mamluk era have also been found here.[6]

Ottoman era

Fardisa was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Bani Sa'b of the Liwa of Nablus. It had a population of 83, (13 households and 2 bachelors), all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax-rate of 33% various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and/or beehives in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 5,000 akçe. All the revenues went to a waqf.[4][10]

In 1838, Furdisia was noted as a village in the Beni Sa'ab area, west of Nablus.[11] In 1870, Victor Guérin noted that the village was situated on a hill.[12]

In the 1860s, the Ottoman authorities granted the village an agricultural plot of land called Ghabat Fardisya in the former confines of the Forest of Arsur (Ar. Al-Ghaba) in the coastal plain, west of the village.[13] The name of Ghabat is Fardisya is preserved in the name of the modern Jewish settlement of Pardesiya.[14]

In 1870/1871 (1288 AH), an Ottoman census listed the village in the nahiya (sub-district) of Bani Sa'b.[15]

In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described "a small village near the edge of the hills, remarkable only from a palm growing at it.”[16]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine there were 15 villagers, all Muslim,[17] increasing in the 1931 census to 55 Muslims, in a total of 14 houses.[18]

In the 1945 statistics, Fardisiya had a population of 20 Muslims[2] with a total of 1,092 dunums of land.[3] Of this, a total of 187 dunams were plantations and irrigated land, 388 dunums were for cereals,[19] while 19 dunams were classified as “built-up” areas.[20]

  • Fardisya 1942 1:20,000
    Fardisya 1942 1:20,000
  • Fardisya 1945 1:250,000
    Fardisya 1945 1:250,000
  • Maqam Esh Sh. Musa, or al-sheikh Masood
    Maqam Esh Sh. Musa, or al-sheikh Masood

1948, aftermath

The moshav Sha'ar Efraim is close to some of Fardisya's lands.[4]

References

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 182
  2. ^ a b Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
  3. ^ a b c Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
  4. ^ a b c d Khalidi, 1992, p. 552
  5. ^ Massarwa, 2009, Khirbat Fardisya
  6. ^ a b Masarwa, 2008, Khirbat Fardisya
  7. ^ Cart. des Hosp., no. 1251; and Röhricht, 1893, RHH p. 220, no. 819
  8. ^ Pringle, 1986, p. 30
  9. ^ Ibn al-Furat, 1971, pp. 82, 209, 249 (map)
  10. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 141
  11. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 128
  12. ^ Guérin, 1875, p. 352
  13. ^ Marom, Roy (2022). "The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies, Muse 5". escholarship.org. Retrieved 2023-10-06.
  14. ^ Marom, Roy, "The Contribution of Conder's Tent Work in Palestine for the Understanding of Shifting Geographical, Social and Legal Realities in the Sharon during the Late Ottoman Period", in Gurevich D. and Kidron, A. (eds.), Exploring the Holy Land: 150 Years of the Palestine Exploration Fund, Sheffield, UK, Equinox (2019), pp. 212-231
  15. ^ Grossman, David (2004). Arab Demography and Early Jewish Settlement in Palestine. Jerusalem: Magnes Press. p. 255.
  16. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 164
  17. ^ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tulkarem, p. 27
  18. ^ Mills, 1932, p. 54
  19. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 125
  20. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 175

Bibliography

  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Guérin, V. (1875). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Ibn al-Furat (1971). J. Riley-Smith (ed.). Ayyubids, Mamluks and Crusaders: Selections from the "Tarikh Al-duwal Wal-muluk" of Ibn Al-Furat : the Text, the Translation. Vol. 2. Translation by Malcolm Cameron Lyons, Ursula Lyons. Cambridge: W. Heffer.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Masarwa, Durar (2008-01-08). "Khirbat Fardisya Final Report" (120). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  • Massarwa, Abdallah (2009-06-07), Khirbat Fardisya Final Report, Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Pringle, D. (1986). The Red Tower (al-Burj Al-Ahmar): Settlement in the Plain of Sharon at the Time of the Crusaders and Mamluks A.D.1099-1516. University of Michigan. ISBN 0950054267.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Röhricht, R. (1893). (RRH) Regesta regni Hierosolymitani (MXCVII-MCCXCI) (in Latin). Berlin: Libraria Academica Wageriana.

External links

  • Welcome To Fardisya
  • Fardisya, Zochrot
  • Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
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