Yareban languages
| Yareban | |
|---|---|
| Musa River | |
| Geographic distribution | Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Oro Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Glottolog | yare1250 |
The Yareban or Musa River languages are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken near the Musa River in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
Languages
The languages are,
- Moikodi (Doriri)
- Aneme Wake (Abia)
- Barijian: Bariji, Nawaru (Sirio)
- Yareba
Barijian is suggested by lexicostatistics in Dutton (1971).
The only pronouns which are known in enough languages to reconstruct are na 1sg and a 2sg, which are common to all Yareban languages.
Proto-language
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]
*m *n *pʰ *tʰ [*s] *kʰ *ʔ *b *d [*dz] [*g] *w *ɾ *j
*s and *dz were acquired through loans, but may have already been present in the protolanguage. *ʔ and *g may have been allophones.
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[2]
sg du pl 1excl *na *ewa 1incl *uwa *i[j]a 2 *a *ja 3 *dawa *ema(wa)
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are:[2]
gloss Proto-Musa River head *bo-tai hair/feather *idi ear *ome eye *nai-tai nose *iboʔo tooth *ni[ʔ]o tongue *meana foot/leg *buɾi blood/salt *iwa bone *tai skin/bark *ope breast *ama louse *uʔa dog *kua pig *boɾo bird *gasiɾa; *ada egg *baka; *uɾimi tree *ana man/person *e[ʔe]me woman/wife *aweta sun *eweaka moon *maɾabe; *sakaɾa water *adua fire *inaʔa stone *oma; *gebiɾo path *daʔaba name *ibi eat/drink *it- one *demu
Evolution
Yareban reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[3]
- ama ‘breast’ < *amu
- uyau ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- rarara ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
- baba ‘father’ < *mbapa
- iji ‘hair’ < *iti[C]
- ifu ‘name’ < *imbi
- kofiti ‘head’ < *kV(mb,p)(i,u)tu
- ogo ‘water’ < *ok[V]
- eme ‘man’ < *ambi
- amai ‘mother’ < *am(a,i)
- sagai ‘sand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ
References
- ^ New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ^ a b c New Guinea World, Musa River
- ^ Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- (ibid.) Proto–Musa River