Koiarian languages
| Koiarian | |
|---|---|
| Koiari – Managalas Plateau | |
| Geographic distribution | Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Central Province and Oro Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | koia1260 |
The Koiarian languages /kɔɪˈɑːriən/[2] Koiari are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
Languages
The languages are:
- Koiaric branch (Koiari): Grass Koiari, Mountain Koiari–Koitabu
- Baraic branch (Managalas Plateau): Barai–Namiae, Ese (Managalasi), Ömie
Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:[3]: 3
- Baraic
- Ömie
- Barai–Managalasi (incl. Namiae)
- Koiaric
Proto-language
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]
sg pl 1 *na *no 2 *a *ja 3 *aɸu *[i/e]abu
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Koiarian and other lower-level reconstructions are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[4]
gloss Proto-Koiarian Proto-Koiariac Proto-Baraic head *kina hair *fómo ear *gada eye *ni nose *uri tooth *gubai tongue *bitarV leg *díʔ- louse *ʔumu dog *to *(ʔ,k)uo pig *ofo *mafV bird *ugu[fa] egg *uni blood *taɣo bone *(ʔ)adV skin *vata breast *amu *m(u,o)sV tree *idí man *ata *baru woman *maɣina *nigi sun *vani *maja-; *ve moon *bata water *[i]do fire *vené stone *muni *Umari road, path *ɣuma name *ifí eat *i- one *(i,o)gau *Ogonu two *abu(t)i *inoki
Evolution
Koiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
- idu ‘tree’ < *inda
- iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
- muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
- nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
- u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu
- ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- iha ‘name’ < *imbi
- uma ‘louse’ < *iman
- uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
- tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
- muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
- ija ‘tree’ < *inda
- otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
- kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
Phonotactics
Like the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.[5]: 87
References
- ^ a b New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ Dutton, Tom. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. (Pacific Linguistics, 610.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ a b Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
Further reading
- Dutton, Tom. 2003. A dictionary of Koiari, Papua New Guinea, with grammar notes. Pacific Linguistics 534. Canberra: Australian National University.
- Proto-Koiarian. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Koiariac. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Baraic. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.