Portal:Oceans

Image 1False color map of ocean depth in the Atlantic basin (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 2Sunset in Monterey County, California, U.S. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 3Map showing a large number of Spanish expeditions across the Pacific Ocean from the 16th to 18th centuries including the Manila galleon route between Acapulco and Manila, the first transpacific trade route in world history (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 4Admiral von Bellingshausen (from Southern Ocean)

Image 5"Southern Ocean" as alternative to the Aethiopian Ocean, 18th century (from Southern Ocean)

Image 6Iceberg A22A in the South Atlantic Ocean (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 7A general delineation of the Antarctic Convergence, sometimes used by scientists as the demarcation of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)

Image 8Regional Working Group zones for SOOS (from Southern Ocean)

Image 9Marine debris on a Hawaiian coast in 2008 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 10Pacific Ocean currents have created three islands of debris. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 11The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the strongest current system in the world oceans, linking the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 13Abel Aubert du Petit-Thouars taking over Tahiti on 9 September 1842 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 14During summer, warm continental masses draw moist air from the Indian Ocean hence producing heavy rainfall. The process is reversed during winter, resulting in dry conditions. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 15Portrait of Edmund Halley by Godfrey Kneller (before 1721) (from Southern Ocean)

Image 16Madagascar's Elephant bird, Mauritius's Dodo bird and ostrich (from left to right) (from Indian Ocean)

Image 17Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) are the most southerly of Antarctic mammals. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 18The Atlantic Gyres influenced the Portuguese discoveries and trading port routes, here shown in the India Run ("Carreira da Índia"), which would be developed in subsequent years. (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 19Path of the thermohaline circulation. Purple paths represent deep-water currents, while blue paths represent surface currents.

Image 20Minke whale (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 21The Arctic region; of note, the region's southerly border on this map is depicted by a red isotherm, with all territory to the north having an average temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) in July. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 22MS Explorer in Antarctica in January 1999. She sank on 23 November 2007 after hitting an iceberg. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 23An unnamed Chagossian on Diego Garcia in 1971 shortly before the British expelled the islanders when the island became a U.S. military base. The man spoke a French-based creole language and his ancestors were most likely brought to the uninhabited island as slaves in the 19th century. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 24Seas that are parts of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)

Image 25The Aethiopian Ocean in a 1710 French map of Africa (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 26Aldabra giant tortoise from the islands of the Aldabra Atoll in the Seychelles (from Indian Ocean)

Image 27Sea cover in the Arctic Ocean, showing the median, 2005 and 2007 coverage (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 28The Kennedy Channel. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 29Excavation of the Ertebølle middens in 1880 (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 30USS Vincennes at Disappointment Bay, Antarctica in early 1840 (from Southern Ocean)

Image 31As the Gulf Stream meanders across the North Atlantic from the North American east coast to Western Europe its temperature drops by 20 °C (36 °F).

Image 32The Austronesian maritime trade network was the first trade routes in the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 33Area inside the black line indicates the area constituting the Pacific Ocean prior to 2002; darker blue areas are its informal current borders following the recreation of the Southern Ocean and the reinclusion of marginal seas. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 341911 South Polar Regions exploration map (from Southern Ocean)

Image 35A map of Australia's official interpretation of the names and limits of oceans and seas around Australia (from Southern Ocean)

Image 36Model of a Fijian drua, an example of an Austronesian vessel with a double-canoe (catamaran) hull and a crab claw sail (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 37Tarawa Atoll in Kiribati (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 38For most of the 16th century, the Portuguese dominated the Indian Ocean trade. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 39The 1564 Typus Orbis Terrarum, a map by Abraham Ortelius, showed the imagined link between the proposed continent of Antarctica and South America. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 40Agulhas Bank (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 41Capture of Atlantic north-west cod in million tons (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 42Mombasa Port on Kenya's Indian Ocean coast (from Indian Ocean)

Image 43Density structure of the upper 1,200 m (3,900 ft) in the Arctic Ocean. Profiles of temperature and salinity for the Amundsen Basin, the Canadian Basin and the Greenland Sea are sketched. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 44Made in 1529, the Diogo Ribeiro map was the first to show the Pacific at about its proper size (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 45Sunset over the Pacific Ocean as seen from the International Space Station. Tops of thunderclouds are also visible. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 46Waves in the trade winds in the Atlantic Ocean—areas of converging winds that move along the same track as the prevailing wind—create instabilities in the atmosphere that may lead to the formation of hurricanes.

Image 47Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589). One of the first printed maps to show the Pacific Ocean (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 48The regions, island nations, and territories of Oceania (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 49Marine debris strewn over the beaches of the South Atlantic Inaccessible Island (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 50In the subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic warm subtropical waters are transformed into colder subpolar and polar waters. In the Labrador Sea this water flows back to the subtropical gyre. (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 51Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, U.S. in 2020 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 52Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) are a keystone species of the food web. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 53A female warty squid (Moroteuthis ingens) (from Southern Ocean)

Image 54The bathyscaphe Trieste before her record dive to the bottom of the Mariana Trench, 23 January 1960 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 55The Arctic Ocean, with borders as delineated by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), including Hudson Bay (some of which is south of 57°N latitude, off the map) and all other marginal seas. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 56Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1702–1707 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 57An iceberg being pushed out of a shipping lane by (L to R) USS Burton Island, USS Atka, and USS Glacier near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1965 (from Southern Ocean)

Image 58The Arctic region showing the Northeast Passage, the Northern Sea Route within it, and the Northwest Passage. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 59Typhoon Tip at global peak intensity on 12 October 1979 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 60Orca (Orcinus orca) hunting a Weddell seal in the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)

Image 61The island geography of the Pacific Ocean Basin (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 62A wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) on South Georgia (from Southern Ocean)

Image 63Location of the Southern Ocean gyres (from Southern Ocean)

Image 64A bathymetric/topographic map of the Arctic Ocean and the surrounding lands. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 65According to the Coastal hypothesis, modern humans spread from Africa along the northern rim of the Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 661928 delineation (from Southern Ocean)

Image 67The International Hydrographic Organization's delineation of the "Southern Ocean" has moved steadily southwards since the original 1928 edition of its Limits of Oceans and Seas. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 68Coral reefs of the Maldives (from Indian Ocean)

Image 69Based on the medieval Íslendingasögur sagas, including the Grœnlendinga saga, this interpretative map of the "Norse World" shows that Norse knowledge of the Americas and the Atlantic remained limited. (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 70Cod fishery in Norway (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 71"Terres Australes" [sic] label without any charted landmass (from Southern Ocean)

Image 72Continents and islands of the Southern Ocean (from Southern Ocean)

Image 73Air pollution in South Asia spread over the Bay of Bengal and beyond. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 74A stratovolcano in Ulawun on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 75Bahama Banks (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 76Distribution of the major water mass in the Arctic Ocean. The section sketches the different water masses along a vertical section from Bering Strait over the geographic North Pole to Fram Strait. As the stratification is stable, deeper water masses are denser than the layers above. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 77Manganese nodule (from Southern Ocean)

Image 78A Ring of Fire; the Pacific is ringed by many volcanoes and oceanic trenches. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 79Impact of El Niño and La Niña on North America (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 80A copepod (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 81In 2020, Japanese Prime Minister Suga declined to drink the bottle of Fukushima's treated radioactive water that he was holding, which would otherwise be discharged to the Pacific. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 82Fish of the Notothenioidei suborder, such as this young icefish, are mostly restricted to the Antarctic and Subantarctic. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 83Map showing the migration of the Austronesian peoples (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 84Major ocean trade routes in the world include the northern Indian Ocean. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 85Famous official portrait of Captain James Cook who proved that waters encompassed the southern latitudes of the globe. "He holds his own chart of the Southern Ocean on the table and his right hand points to the east coast of Australia on it." (from Southern Ocean)

Image 86Thule archaeological site (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 87Map of the Pacific Ocean during European Exploration, circa 1754. (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 88Three polar bears approach USS Honolulu near the North Pole. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 89Emanuel Bowen's 1780s map of the Arctic features a "Northern Ocean". (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 90Greco-Roman trade with ancient India according to the Periplus Maris Erythraei 1st century CE (from Indian Ocean)

Image 91Severe cracks in an ice pier in use for four seasons at McMurdo Station slowed cargo operations in 1983 and proved a safety hazard. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 92Universalis Cosmographia, also known as the Waldseemüller map, dated 1507, was the first map to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. South America was generally considered the New World and shows the name "America" for the first time, after Amerigo Vespucci (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 93The Antarctic Ocean, as delineated by the draft 4th edition of the International Hydrographic Organization's Limits of Oceans and Seas (2002) (from Southern Ocean)

Image 941937 delineation (from Southern Ocean)

Image 95James Weddell's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig Jane and the cutter Beaufroy (from Southern Ocean)

Image 96The economically important Silk Road was blocked from Europe by the Ottoman Empire in c. 1453 with the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This spurred exploration, and a new sea route around Africa was found, triggering the Age of Discovery. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 97An adult and sub-adult Minke whale are dragged aboard the Japanese whaling vessel Nisshin Maru. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 98Frank Hurley: As time wore on it became more and more evident that the ship was doomed (Endurance trapped in pack ice), National Library of Australia. (from Southern Ocean)

Image 99Malé's population has increased from 20,000 people in 1987 to more than 220,000 people in 2020. (from Indian Ocean)

Image 100Decrease of old Arctic Sea ice 1982–2007 (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 101Embarked and disembarked slaves in the Atlantic slave trade 1525–1863 (first and last slave voyages) (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 102Banks of the North-West Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)

Image 103Walruses on Arctic ice floe (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 104Picture of the Pacific Ocean, taken from space by the Apollo 11 crew in July 1969 (from Pacific Ocean)

Image 105On the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean temporary logistic stations may be installed, Here, a Twin Otter is refueled on the pack ice at 86°N, 76°43‘W. (from Arctic Ocean)

Image 106Banks of the North-East Atlantic (from Atlantic Ocean)