The class Gastropoda is a diverse and highly successful class of mollusks within the phylum Mollusca. It contains a vast total of named species, second only to the insects in overall number. The fossil history of this class goes back to the Late Cambrian. , 721 families of gastropods are known, of which 245 are extinct and appear only in the fossil record, while 476 are currently extantwith or without a fossil record.
Gastropoda (previously known as univalves and sometimes spelled "Gasteropoda") are a major part of the phylum Mollusca, and are the most highly diversified class in the phylum, with 65,000 to 80,000 living snail and slug species. The anatomy, behavior, feeding, and reproductive adaptations of gastropods vary significantly from one clade or group to another, so stating many generalities for all gastropods is difficult.
The class Gastropoda has an extraordinary diversification of habitats. Representatives live in gardens, woodland, deserts, and on mountains; in small ditches, great rivers, and lakes; in estuaries, mudflats, the rocky intertidal, the sandy subtidal, the abyssal depths of the oceans, including the hydrothermal vents, and numerous other ecological niches, including parasitic ones.
Although the name "snail" can be, and often is, applied to all the members of this class, commonly this word means only those species with an external shell big enough that the soft parts can withdraw completely into it. Slugs are gastropods that have no shell or a very small, internal shell; semislugs are gastropods that have a shell that they can partially retreat into but not entirely.
The marine shelled species of gastropods include species such as abalone, conches, periwinkles, whelks, and numerous other sea snails that produce seashells that are coiled in the adult stage—though in some, the coiling may not be very visible, for example in cowries. In a number of families of species, such as all the various limpets, the shell is coiled only in the larval stage, and is a simple conical structure after that. (Full article...)
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Geomalacus maculosus, commonly known as the Kerry Slug or Kerry spotted slug, is a species of large air-breathing land slug, a terrestrialpulmonategastropodmollusc in the family Arionidae, the roundback slugs. An adult slug generally measures about 7–8 cm (2.8–3.2 in) in length, and is a dark greyish colour with yellowish spots.
The distribution of this species includes wild habitats in southwestern Ireland, in north-west Spain and from central to northern Portugal. It favours acidic soil and high humidity environments, and is mostly nocturnal or crepuscular, although is active on overcast days in Ireland. It eats lichens, liverworts, mosses and fungi growing on boulders and on trees. (Read more...)
In 1816 Swainson accompanied the explorer Henry Koster to Brazil. They did not spend a long time on shore because of a revolution, but Swainson returned to England in 1818 in his words "a bee loaded with honey", with a collection of over 20,000 insects, 1,200 species of plants, drawings of 120 species of fish, and about 760 bird skins. (Read more...)
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Did you know?
... that Neripteron cornucopia (three views of a shell pictured) was rediscovered in India after 180 years?
... that the scale worm Arctonoe vittata protects the keyhole limpet Diodora aspera (shell pictured) with which it lives, by attacking predatory starfish?
... that Candidula arganica, a snail found in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, lives primarily in meadows?
... that Candidula spadae, a snail native to Central Italy, is at risk in part because of tourist activities?
... that the land slug Rathouisia leonina(pictured) from China is carnivorous?
... that the subterranean freshwater snail Hauffenia sp. from Slovakia(shell pictured) has been an undescribed species since the 1980s?
... that the land snail Oxychilus camelinus(pictured) was described from Lebanon?
... that land snails of the genus Abbottella (Abbottella calliotropis shell pictured) live on the islands of Hispaniola and Cuba?
... that the snail Tonna galea(pictured) is one of very few species of prosobranch gastropods that are luminescent?
... that the land snail Notodiscus hookeri (shell pictured) has unique shell structure among all gastropods?
... that the microscopic cave snail Zospeum tholussum (pictured) is so slow that in a week's time it may only move a few millimeters or centimeters in circles?
... that the land snail Omalonyx convexus(pictured) can also be found submerged among macrophytes?
... that the malacologist S. Peter Dance said the shell of Pterynotus loebbeckei, (pictured), was the "most exquisite natural object" he had ever seen?
13 February 2013 - The sea slug Goniobranchus reticulatus is the only known animal that autotomizes its penis after mating and it is able to regenerate it subsequently.
17 December 2012 - A new family, Echinichidae, was described.
8 November 2012 - Urotensin-II like peptides were reported from an invertebrate for the first time, specifically from the sea hare Aplysia californica.
8 August 2012 - A rediscovery of a freshwater species thought to be extinct, Leptoxis compacta, (pictured).
3 August 2012 - A new family, Epirobiidae, was established.
20 July 2011 - Using the sea slug Elysia clarki(pictured) it was demonstrated (for the first time in an animal) that a photosynthetic capability affects foraging behavior under starvation.
31 May 2011 - the Wicker ancylidRhodacmea filosa, (shell pictured) listed as extinct by the IUCN Red List, has been rediscovered.
A list of new Wikipedia articles about gastropods, including those that simply mention the words snail, slug, conch, etc. A bot creates this list, usually every three days.
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The snail Indrella ampulla from a tropical rainforest habitat in India. The shell in this species is reduced: the body cannot be fully retracted into the shell. The mantle is partly visible here as an area of off-white color under the edge of the shell. The rest of the body (head with retractile tentacles and most of the foot) is red. The foot fringe is off-white, with narrow black lines. The large caudal mucous pit is visible at the end of the foot.
Request to editors: please do not create any more categories of gastropods by country. Instead create list articles, article with a list of the marine or non-marine gastropods of whichever country or area you are interested in. We would also like to empty and delete the two remaining country categories we have, adding that information to list articles instead. Thank you.
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