Kauaeranga Valley
Kauaeranga Valley | |
|---|---|
 View from a campsite of the Kauaeranga Valley | |
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| Coordinates: 37°07′19″S 175°37′48″E / 37.122°S 175.630°E / -37.122; 175.630 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Waikato |
| District | Thames-Coromandel District |
| Ward | Thames ward |
| Community Board | Thames Community |
| Electorates | |
| Government | |
| • Council | Thames-Coromandel District Council |
| Area [1] | |
| • Total | 179.01 km2 (69.12 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2023)[2] | |
| • Total | 640 |
| • Density | 3.6/km2 (9.3/sq mi) |
Kauaeranga Valley is a valley created by the Kauaeranga River, which flows from the Coromandel Range southwest to the Firth of Thames at Thames, New Zealand in the North Island. It contains the settlement of Kauaeranga (37°08′43″S 175°35′25″E / 37.1453°S 175.5902°E / -37.1453; 175.5902) on the Coromandel Peninsula. It is located near Thames, in the Thames-Coromandel District in the Waikato region. It covers a land area of 180.51 km2.[3]
Kauaeranga Valley Road is the only significant road in the valley.
History
The local iwi, Ngāti Maru, called the area Waiwhakauaeranga ("waters of the stacked jaw bones") in memory of a battle after which they piled the jaw bones of their enemies on the side of the river.[4]
The valley was a rich source of kauri timber, and numerous dams and several tramlines were built to facilitate harvesting in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[5][6] The last big removal of timber from the Kauraeranga Valley started with the Kauri Timber Company building a 14 mi (23 km) tramway up the valley from the Parawai booms in 1915.[7] Later they extended the line to a dump at the Waihou river below Kopu. All bush operations were finished by January 1928, and the line was lifted. Over 40 million feet of timber was carried over this line.[8] Parts of driving dams, Webb Creek staircase, a log hauling skid road,[9] the Parawai Boom[10] and the Billy Goat incline remain.[11]
In some parts of the valley, farms were established with five lots made available in 1880. Lack of roads and severe weather made farming difficult, so land was allowed to revert to bush. There was little farmed land left by the late 1960s.[12]
Residents first requested that the Auckland Education Board establish a school in the valley in 1896, but the Kauaeranga Valley School did not open until 1903.[13] The initial roll was 30 students. By 1946, with the road to Thames having improved and many children going to school there, the roll had fallen to seven, and the school closed.[14]
A post and telegraph office opened in 1903[15] The Post Office closed in 1953, with rural delivery taking its place. A telephone office operated from the closure of the post office until 1955, when an automatic exchange would have rendered it unnecessary.[16]
The Kauaeranga Valley Dairy Company opened a factory in November 1907 to produce milk and butter. It closed in September 1908 and moved to Parawai, where it was defunct by 1910.[17]
A road between Thames and Tairua was proposed in 1909, with the recommended route going through the Kauaeranga Valley, up the Piraunui Valley, across the Hihi saddle, and down the third branch of Tairua River. In 1926, a track was created over this route, and the following year, 100 men started work to convert it to a road, but the work was abandoned later that year. After the Second World War, a route further south along the Kirikiri Stream gained favour, and the road which is now State Highway 25A was built from 1961, opening to traffic in March 1967.[18]
From 1957, an electric power line was built from Thames, through the Kauaeranga Valley and north to Coroglen. This was complete by 1959.[19]
Coromandel Forest Park was established in 1970 to provide protection for the remaining native forest, and took over the remaining farmland.[20]
Demographics
Kauaeranga covers 179.01 km2 (69.12 sq mi)[1] and had an estimated population of 640 as of June 2023,[2] with a population density of 3.6 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 531 | — |
| 2013 | 564 | +0.87% |
| 2018 | 588 | +0.84% |
| Source: [21] | ||
Before the 2023 census, the statistical area had a larger boundary, covering 180.50 km2 (69.69 sq mi).[1] Using that boundary, Kauaeranga had a population of 588 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 24 people (4.3%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 57 people (10.7%) since the 2006 census. There were 207 households, comprising 294 males and 291 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.01 males per female. The median age was 48.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 102 people (17.3%) aged under 15 years, 72 (12.2%) aged 15 to 29, 285 (48.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 129 (21.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 88.3% European/Pākehā, 18.9% Māori, 1.0% Pacific peoples, 1.0% Asian, and 2.0% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 15.3, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 62.2% had no religion, 26.5% were Christian, 1.0% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.5% were Hindu, 1.0% were Buddhist and 1.5% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 105 (21.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 87 (17.9%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $28,900, compared with $31,800 nationally. 78 people (16.0%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 222 (45.7%) people were employed full-time, 96 (19.8%) were part-time, and 15 (3.1%) were unemployed.[21]
Economy
In 2018, 13.2% of the workforce worked in healthcare, 10.4% worked in construction, 9.4% of the workforce worked in primary industries, 9.4% worked in manufacturing, 9.4% worked in education, 4.7% worked in transport and 3.8% worked in hospitality.[22]
Tourism
Kauaeranga Visitor Centre is an information centre run by the Department of Conservation. It accepts payment for camping at the numerous campsites further along the road, and organises accommodation at two cottages next to the centre. The centre is 13 km (8.1 mi) from Thames on Kauaeranga Valley Road.[23] The road is sealed to this point, and gravel for the remaining 9 km (5.6 mi). Short walks, day tramps and multi-day tramps start from the road beyond the centre.[24][25]
The Pinnacles Walk is a tramp from the end of Kauaeranga Valley Road to the summit of a volcanic plug, 759 metres (2,490 ft) above sea level. The return tramp takes eight hours and is often done over two days.[26]
Pinnacles Hut with 80 bunks and Crosbies Hut with 10 bunks provide basic overnight accommodation for the multi-day tramps.[27][28]
Transportation
As of 2018, among those who commute to work, 67.9% drove a car, 0.9% rode in a car, 1.9% used a bike, and 1.9% walked or ran.[22]
References
- ^ a b c "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ a b "Population estimate tables - NZ.Stat". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Statistical Area 2 2018 (generalised) GIS" (Data table). stats.govt.nz. Statistics New Zealand.
- ^ "Kauaeranga Valley". Tourism New Zealand. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Kauaeranga Valley". Destination Coromandel. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Kauri Driving Dams". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Ohinemuri - Kauri Timber Industry - Kauaeranga Valley". www.ohinemuri.org.nz. October 1970. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Sawmilling". thetreasury.org.nz. Retrieved 1 August 2019.
- ^ "Kauaeranga River reveals logging history". www.doc.govt.nz. 11 February 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Parawai Booms. Log Barriers in the Kauaeranga River". www.thetreasury.org.nz. 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "Billygoat Tramway". www.thetreasury.org.nz. 2008. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
- ^ "History of Crosbies Settlement". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Local and General News". New Zealand Herald. 19 December 1903. p. 7.
- ^ Berry 2007, pp. 98–100.
- ^ "Untitled". Thames Star. 28 August 1903. p. 10.
- ^ Berry 2007, pp. 126–127.
- ^ Berry 2007, pp. 127–129.
- ^ Berry 2007, pp. 46–51.
- ^ Berry 2007, pp. 130–131.
- ^ Wilton, David (2008). "Crosbies Settlement – Coromandel Forest Park, NZ - Description, History and Photos". The Thames-Hauraki-Coromandel Research Centre & Archive.
- ^ a b "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Kauaeranga (167500). 2018 Census place summary: Kauaeranga
- ^ a b "Place Summary - Kauaeranga". Stats NZ. Statistics New Zealand.
- ^ "Kauaeranga Visitor Centre". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Kauaeranga Valley". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Kauaeranga valley and Broken Hills" (PDF). Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "The Pinnacles". Destination Coromandel. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Pinnacles Hut". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
- ^ "Crosbies Hut". Department of Conservation. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
Further reading
Berry, Allan, ed. (2007). The Kauaeranga Valley : a brief history of the Ngāti Maru in the valley and the immediate area, and of the pākehā pioneers and settlers. ISBN 9780473126735.