Yeremferden
| Jabbār Berdi جبار بردی | |
|---|---|
| Khan of the Golden Horde | |
| Reign | 1414–1415 |
| Predecessor | Karīm Berdi |
| Successor | Chekre |
| Reign | 1416–1417 |
| Predecessor | Chekre |
| Successor | Darwīsh |
| Died | 1417 |
| Dynasty | Borjigin |
| Father | Tokhtamysh |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
Jabbār Berdi (Turki/Kypchak and Persian: جبار بردی; the name is rendered as Yeremferden in some western sources),[1] was the khan of the Golden Horde, reigning twice, in 1414–1415 and 1416–1417.
Ancestry
Jabbār Berdi was a son of Tokhtamysh, and a brother of his immediate predecessor Karīm Berdi. They were descendants of Tuqa-Timur, the son of Jochi, the son of Chinggis Khan.[2]
Reign
Tokhtamysh's son Karīm Berdi broke with his family's traditional alliance with Grand Prince Vytautas of Lithuania, and assumed a hostile attitude. Vytautas responded by setting up as rival khan Karīm Berdi's brother Kebek, but Kebek's displacement of Karīm Berdi in 1413 would not last. By 1414, Karīm Berdi had killed Kebek and recovered his throne. Undaunted, Vytautas proclaimed another son of Tokhtamysh, Jabbār Berdi, as khan and sent him against Karīm Berdi. Jabbār Berdi defeated his brother and took power later in 1414. He naturally favored cooperation with Lithuania, and benefited from its support. Nevertheless, Karīm Berdi was apparently still at large, and Jabbār Berdi had another dangerous enemy in the beglerbeg Edigu, who had already proclaimed his own khan, a Tuqa-Timurid named Chekre. In the confused power struggle, Jabbār Berdi was briefly displaced by Edigu and Chekre in 1415, but succeeded in defeating and killing his rival Chekre in 1416. It was perhaps in the next year, 1417, that Jabbār Berdi also eliminated his own deposed brother, Karīm Berdi. Later the same year, Jabbār Berdi was defeated by Edigu and fled to the Crimea. Edigu declared another Tuqa-Timurid, Darwīsh khan, while Jabbār Berdi was killed by his own retinue as he attempted to seek refuge in Lithuania.[3]
Genealogy
- Genghis Khan
- Jochi
- Tuqa-Timur
- Urung-Timur
- Saricha
- Kuyunchak
- Qutluq Khwāja
- Tuy Khwāja
- Tokhtamysh
- Jabbār Berdi
References
- ^ Howorth 1880: 270-271; Bosworth 1996: 253.
- ^ Gaev 2002: 32, 53; Tizengauzen 2006: 435; Vohidov 2006: 44-45; Sagdeeva 2005: 71; Sabitov 2008: 55-56, 287; Seleznëv 2009: 68; Počekaev 2010: 194.
- ^ Howorth 1880: 270-271; Gaev 2002: 31-32; Sabitov 2008: 287; Seleznëv 2009: 68; Počekaev 2010: 193-194; Reva 2016: 715.
Bibliography
- Bosworth, C. E., The New Islamic Dynasties, New York, 1996.
- Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," Numizmatičeskij sbornik 3 (2002) 9-55.
- Howorth, H. H., History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century. Part II.1. London, 1880.
- Počekaev, R. J., Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy. Saint Petersburg, 2010.
- Reva, R., "Borba za vlast' v pervoj polovine XV v.," in Zolotaja Orda v mirovoj istorii, Kazan', 2016: 704–729.
- Sabitov, Ž. M., Genealogija "Tore", Astana, 2008.
- Seleznëv, J. V., Èlita Zolotoj Ordy: Naučno-spravočnoe izdanie, Kazan', 2009.
- Vohidov, Š. H. (trans.), Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah. 3. Muʿizz al-ansāb. Almaty, 2006.