Yang Zhong

Yang Zhong (楊忠, 507 – 17 August 568),[1] Xianbei name Puliuru Nunu (普六茹奴奴),[2] formally known as Duke of Sui (隨國公), was a soldier, later general of the Northern Wei dynasty. He is the father of Yang Jian, the founder of the Sui dynasty.

Yang Zhong
楊忠
Duke of Sui
Reign557 – 568
PredecessorYang Zhen
SuccessorYang Jian
Born507
Wuchuan County, Shuozhou, Inner Mongolia
Died17 August 568(568-08-17) (aged 60–61)
ConsortsLü Kutao
Lady Li
IssueYang Jian
Yang Zheng
Yang Zan 
Yang Shuang
Yang Song
Princess Cheng'an
Princess Changle
Princess Yang
Names
Family name: Yang (, Yáng)
Given name: Zhong (, Zhōng)
Era name and dates
Yang Zhong

Liang dynasty: 561-568

568-present
Posthumous name
  • Before 4 March 581:

Duke Huan of Sui (隨桓公)

  • After 4 March 581:
Emperor Wuyuan (武元皇帝)
Temple name
Taizu (太祖)
FatherYang Zhen (杨祯)
MotherLady Gai (盖氏)[3]

Life

Yang Zhong was Yang Zhen's son, titled General of Ningyuan County (寧遠將軍). He is described as a tall handsome man with a long beard.

After the establishment of the Northern Zhou dynasty, Yang Zhong was appointed as a marshal and commanded more than ten generals including Yang Zuan (楊纂), Li Mu (李穆), Wang Jie (王傑), Tian Hong (田弘), and Murong Yan (慕容延). Later, together with the 100,000 troops of the Turkic Khanate, they attacked Jinyang, a city located in Northern Qi. In the Northern Zhou dynasty, Yang Zhong was named Duke of Chenliu (陳留郡公), later changed to Duke of Sui (隨國公).

After his son became emperor, he was honored with the title of Emperor Wuyuan (武元皇帝) and his legal wife and the biological mother of Yang Jian, Lady Lü was named Empress Yuanming (元明皇后呂氏).

Research

According to the Book of Zhou and Book of Sui, Yang Zhong was born in the Yang clan of Hongnong (弘農楊氏), but this statement is difficult to confirm.

Chen Yinke (陈寅恪), a Chinese historian, did not agree that Yang Jian's family was born in Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia.[4] According to him, Yang Zhong was from a Han Chinese family. Judging from the intermarriage practice of families at that time, Yang Zhong may have been born in the Yang clan of Shandong (山东杨氏).[5]

However, scholar Wang Tongling (王桐齡) deduced that Yang Jian's family might have Xianbei blood, or perhaps even purely Xianbei, leading to the belief that he was born in the Yang clan of Hongnong.[6]

Family

Consort and their respective issue(s):

  • Empress Yuanming, of the Lü clan (元明皇后呂氏), personal name Kutao (苦桃)
    • Princess Cheng'an (成安公主),[7] first daughter
      • married Dou Rongding (窦荣定), Duke of Chenyi (陈懿公), and had issue (three sons including Dou Kang).[8]
    • Yang Jian (楊堅, 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), Emperor Wen of Sui (隋文帝), first son
    • Yang Zheng (楊整, 540 – 576), Prince Jing of Cai (蔡景王), second son[9]
    • Yang Zan (楊瓚, 550 – 16 September 591), Prince Mu of Teng (滕穆王), third son[10][11]
    • Princess Changle (昌乐公主), second daughter[12]
      • married Dou Lutong (豆卢通), Duke Chen of Nan (南陈郡公), and had issues (a son).
  • Lady Li, of the Li clan of Longxi (隴西李氏)
    • Yang Song (楊嵩), Prince Xuan of Dao (道宣王), fourth son
    • Yang Shuang (楊爽), Prince Zhao of Wei (衛昭王), fifth son
  • Unknown
    • Princess Yang (楊氏), third daughter
      • married Li Licheng (李礼成), Duke Jun of Jiang(绛郡公)

References

  1. ^ Book of Zhou
  2. ^ History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol.11
  3. ^ 《周书·卷十九·列传第十一》:追封母盖氏为北海郡君。
  4. ^ 万绳楠整理《陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史讲演录》:"〈杨忠传〉谓杨忠‘出武川,过故宅,祭先人’,是因为他的高祖杨元寿,魏初曾作武川镇司马,因家于神武树颓。吾人不能据此谓杨氏出于武川。"
  5. ^ 万绳楠整理《陈寅恪魏晋南北朝史讲演录》第十七篇之六〈杨隋李唐非出自六镇〉,黄山书社,1987年4月第一版。
  6. ^ 王桐齡〈楊隋李唐先世系統考〉,發表於《女師大學術季刊》,1932年。
  7. ^ 荣新江 (2017). 唐研究.第二十三卷 (in Chinese). Peking University Press. ISBN 9787301293737.
  8. ^ Book of Sui, Vol.39, Biography nr.4
  9. ^ Book of Sui, Vol.9
  10. ^ He married Princess Shunyang (順陽公主), daughter of the regent Yuwen Tai.
  11. ^ Book of Sui, Vol.44
  12. ^ History of the Northern Dynasties, Vol.78
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