William Pember Reeves
William Pember Reeves | |||||||||||||||
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 Portrait of William Pember Reeves possibly taken when he was elected to be a member of parliament in 1887 | |||||||||||||||
| 5th High Commissioner to the United Kingdom[nb 1] | |||||||||||||||
| In office December 1896 – December 1908 | |||||||||||||||
| Monarchs | Victoria Edward VII | ||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Richard Seddon | ||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Westby Perceval | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | William Hall-Jones | ||||||||||||||
| 1st Minister of Labour | |||||||||||||||
| In office 31 May 1892 – 10 January 1896 | |||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | John Ballance Richard Seddon | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Richard Seddon | ||||||||||||||
| 9th Minister of Education | |||||||||||||||
| In office 24 January 1891 – 10 January 1896 | |||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | John Ballance Richard Seddon | ||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Thomas William Hislop | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | William Campbell Walker | ||||||||||||||
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament for City of Christchurch | |||||||||||||||
| In office 5 December 1890 – 13 February 1896 | |||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Constituency recreated | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Charles Lewis | ||||||||||||||
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament for St Albans | |||||||||||||||
| In office 26 September 1887 – 5 December 1890 | |||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Francis James Garrick | ||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Constituency abolished | ||||||||||||||
| Personal details | |||||||||||||||
| Born | 10 February 1857 Lyttelton, New Zealand | ||||||||||||||
| Died | 16 May 1932 (aged 75) London, England | ||||||||||||||
| Political party | Liberal | ||||||||||||||
| Spouse | Magdalen Stuart Robison | ||||||||||||||
| Children | 3, including Amber Reeves | ||||||||||||||
| Parent(s) | William Reeves (father) Ellen Pember (mother) | ||||||||||||||
| Occupation | Lawyer and journalist | ||||||||||||||
| Cricket information | |||||||||||||||
| Role | Batsman | ||||||||||||||
| Domestic team information | |||||||||||||||
| Years | Team | ||||||||||||||
| 1879/80–1887/88 | Canterbury | ||||||||||||||
| Career statistics | |||||||||||||||
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Source: ESPN Cricinfo, 22 November 2020 | |||||||||||||||
William Pember Reeves (10 February 1857 – 16 May 1932) was a New Zealand politician, cricketer, historian and poet who promoted social reform.
Early life and career
Reeves's parents were William Reeves, who was a journalist and politician, and Ellen Reeves, née Pember. They had migrated from Britain to Canterbury Province in 1857, arriving three weeks before he was born.[1]
He was educated at a private prep school in Christchurch, the local high school and, from 1867 to 1874, Christ's College Grammar School.[2] Before entering politics, Reeves was a lawyer and journalist. He was editor of the Canterbury Times in 1885 and the Lyttelton Times (1889–1891).[3]
Cricket
Reeves played in five first-class cricket matches for Canterbury from 1879 to 1888.[4] A batsman, his highest score was 54, Canterbury's top score in the match, when Canterbury beat Otago by four runs in February 1883.[5]
Political career
| Years | Term | Electorate | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1887–1890 | 10th | St Albans | Independent | ||
| 1890–1893 | 11th | Christchurch | Liberal | ||
| 1893–1896 | 12th | Christchurch | Liberal | ||
Reeves represented the Christchurch electorate of St Albans in Parliament from 1887 to 1890, and then Christchurch from 1890 to 1896, when he resigned to take up the post of Agent General.[6] During the premierships of John Ballance (1891–93) and Richard Seddon (1893–1906) he served as Minister of Labour (1892–96), Minister of Education (1891–96), Minister of Justice (1891–92, 1893, 1895–96) and Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1892–96).[7] As Minister of Labour he introduced the Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1894 and the Undesirable Immigrants Exclusion Bill, which, if it had been passed, would have barred poor and Asian immigrants from the country. His opposition to the entry of those he considered "undesirable" immigrants earned him the nickname "Undesirable Bill" Reeves.[8]
In London
In January 1896 Reeves left New Zealand for London, where he was Agent General (1896–1905) and High Commissioner (1905–08).[9] While he was in Britain Reeves became a friend of a number of left-wing intellectuals, such as George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, and Sidney and Beatrice Webb, all leading members of the Fabian Society. He was also a member of the Coefficients dining club of social reformers.[10]
Reeves became Director of the London School of Economics (1908–19) and President of the Anglo-Hellenic League (1913–25). He also headed the committee organising the First Universal Races Congress in London in 1911. Finally, he was chairman of the board of the National Bank of New Zealand from 1917 to 1931.
Reeves's more influential writings include his history of New Zealand, The Long White Cloud (1898) and State Experiments in Australia and New Zealand (1902). He also published a number of poems, such as "The Passing of the Forest" and "A Colonist in his Garden".
Reeves married Magdalen Stuart Robison in 1885. She was a feminist who later joined the Fabian Society. They had two daughters, the feminist writer Amber Reeves (born 1887) and Beryl (born 1889), and one son, Fabian Pember Reeves (1895–1917), who was killed in the First World War, aged 21, as a Flight Lieutenant in the RNAS.[11]
Reeves three times declined offers of a knighthood.[3]
Works
- Some Historical Articles on Communism and Socialism: Their Dreams, their Experiments, their Aims, their Influence. Christchurch: The Lyttelton Times Office. 1890.
- The State and Its Functions in New Zealand. London: The Fabian Society. 1896.
- The Long White Cloud: Aotearoa. London: Horace Marshall & Son. 1898.
- State Experiments in Australia & New Zealand. London: Grant Richards. 1902.
- . The Empire and the century. London: John Murray. 1905. pp. 462–77.
See also
Notes
- ^ the last Agent-General and the first High Commissioner for the Dominion of New Zealand
- ^ Sinclair, Keith. "Reeves, William Pember". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
- ^ Keith Sinclair (2007). "REEVES, the Hon. William Pember". Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
- ^ a b 16 July 2007
- ^ "William Reeves". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- ^ "Canterbury v Otago 1882-83". CricketArchive. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 229.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 71–72.
- ^ "Immigration regulation". teara.govt.nz. 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2007.
- ^ Hamer 1988, p. 365.
- ^ Sinclair 1965, pp. 296–8.
- ^ Sinclair 1965, p. 332.
References
- Hamer, David A. (1988). The New Zealand Liberals: The Years of Power, 1891–1912. Auckland: Auckland University Press. ISBN 1-86940-014-3. OCLC 18420103.
- Sinclair, Keith (1965). William Pember Reeves: New Zealand Fabian. Auckland: Oxford University Press. OCLC 804267.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
External links
William Pember Reeves
- William Pember Reeves at ESPNcricinfo
- Biography in the 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
- Works by William Pember Reeves at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about William Pember Reeves at Internet Archive
- The Long White Cloud at Project Gutenberg, or at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre
- "The Passing of the Forest" at the New Zealand Electronic Text Centre