Welsh exonyms

The modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names for places outside of Welsh-speaking regions are exonyms, not including spelling or pronunciation adaptations and translations of common nouns.

Names not in italics[clarification needed] are dated or obsolete.

Argentina

 Argentina Yr Ariannin
English name Welsh name Spanish name Notes
Arroyo Pescado Nant y Pysgod Arroyo Pescado
Cajón de Ginebra Bocs Gin Cajón de Ginebra
Cerro Cóndor Craig yr Eryr Cerro Cóndor
Cerro Trono de las Nubes Gorsedd y Cwmwl Cerro Trono de las Nubes
Chico River Afon Fach Rio Chico
Chubut River Afon Camwy Rio Chubut
Colonia 16 de Octubre Cwm Hyfryd, Bro Hydref Colonia 16 de Octubre
Desvío km 22 Tŵr Joseph Desvío km 22
Dolavon Dol Afon Dolavon
Estación Laguna Grande Llyn Mawr Estación Laguna Grande
Florentino Ameghino Dam Yr Argae Dique Florentino Ameghino
Fuerte Aventura Caer Antur Fuerte Aventura
Laguna de Aaron Llyn Aaron Laguna de Aaron
Laguna de Agnia Llyn Ania Laguna de Agnia
La Angostura Lle Cul La Angostura
Las Plumas Dôl y Plu Las Plumas
Loma Blanca Bryn Gwyn Loma Blanca
Paso de Indios Rhyd yr Indiaid Paso de Indios
Pampa de Agnia Pant y Ffwdan Pampa de Agnia
Puerto Madryn Porth Madryn Puerto Madryn
Rawson Trerawson Rawson
Río Corrintos Aber Gyrants Río Corrintos
Tecka Hafn Lâs Tecka
Trelew Tre Lew(is) Trelew
Trevelin Tre Felin Trevelin
Valle de los Mártires Dyffryn y Merthyron Valle de los Mártires
Valle Frío Dyffryn Oer Valle Frío
Valle 16 de octubre Cwm Hyfryd/Bro Hydref Valle 16 de octubre
Veintiocho de Julio Tir Halen Veintiocho de Julio

Australia

 Australia Awstralia
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
 Australian Capital Territory Tiriogaeth Prifddinas Awstralia Australian Capital Territory
Kangaroo Island Ynys Cangarŵ Kangaroo Island
Karta Pintingga
 New South Wales De Cymru Newydd New South Wales
 Northern Territory Tiriogaeth y Gogledd Northern Territory
 South Australia De Awstralia South Australia
 Western Australia Gorllewin Awstralia Western Australia

Belgium

 Belgium Gwlad Belg
English name Welsh name Endonyms Notes
Name Language
Brussels Brwsel Bruxelles
Brussel 		French
Dutch
 Flanders Fflandrys Vlaanderen
Flandres 		Dutch
French

Canada

 Canada
English name Welsh name Endonyms Notes
 British Columbia Columbia Brydenig British Columbia
Columbie Britannique
Newfoundland Tir Newydd[1] Newfoundland
Terre-Neuve
Ktaqmkuk
 Newfoundland and Labrador Tir Newydd a Labrador Newfoundland and Labrador
Terre-Neuve et Labrador
 Nova Scotia Yr Alban Newydd Nova Scotia
Nouvelle-Écosse
Alba Nuadh
Nopa Sko'sia

Czech Republic

 Czech Republic Y Weriniaeth Tsiec
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Moravia Morafia Morava
Prague Prag Praha

France

 France Ffrainc
English name Welsh name Endonyms Notes
Name Language
Alps Alpau, Mynydd Mynnau Alpes French
 Brittany Llydaw Breizh Breton
Bretagne French
Bertaèyn Gallo
 Burgundy Bwrgwyn Bourgogne French
 Gascony Gasgwyn Gascogne French
Gasconha Gascon
Gaskoinia Basque
Nantes Naoned Nantes French
Naoned Breton
Naunnt, Nantt Gallo
 Normandy Normandi, Norddmandi Normandie French
Normaundie Norman
Saint-Malo Sant-Maloù Saint-Malo French
Sant-Maloù Breton
Strasbourg Strasbwrg Strasbourg French
Straßburg German

Germany

 Germany Yr Almaen
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
 Bavaria Bafaria Bayern Bavarian, German
Cologne Cwlen Kölle Colognian
Köln German
Hamburg Hambwrg Hamburg

Greece

 Greece Gwlad Groeg
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Aegean Sea Môr Aegeaidd, Môr Egeaidd Aigaio pelagos (Αιγαίο πέλαγος)
Athens Athen Athína (Αθήνα)
Cephalonia Ceffalonia Kefaloniá (Κεφαλονιά)
Crete Creta Kríti (Κρήτη)
Dodecanese Y Deuddeng Ynys Dodekánisa (Δωδεκάνησα)
Rhodes Rhodos Ródos (Ρόδος)
Thessaloniki Thessaloníci Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη)

Israel/Palestine

 Israel  Palestine
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Galilee Galilea HaGalil (הגליל) Hebrew
Jerusalem Jeriwsalem, Caersalem Yerushalayim (ירושלים) / al-Quds (القُدس) Hebrew/Arabic

Ireland

 Ireland Iwerddon
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Cork Corc Corcaigh
Dublin Dulyn Baile Átha Cliath Welsh name derives from the older Irish name Duibhlinn.
Derry Dinas y Deri Doire
Ulster Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth Ulaidh
Wexford Llwch Garmon Loch Garman

Italy

 Italy Yr Eidal
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Rome Rhufain Roma Italian
 Sicily Sisili Sicilia Italian, Sicilian
Venice Fenis Venesia Venetian
Venezia Italian

Japan

 Japan Siapan
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Tokyo Tocio 東京 (Tōkyō)

South Africa

 South Africa De Affrica
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Cape Town Tref y Penrhyn Kaapstad, iKapa Afrikaans, Xhosa
Cape of Good Hope Penrhyn Gobaith Da Kaap die Goeie Hoop Afrikaans

Spain

 Spain Sbaen
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
 Balearic Islands Ynysoedd Balearaidd Illes Balears, Islas Baleares Catalan, Spanish
 Basque Country Gwlad y Basg Euskal Herria, País Vasco Basque, Spanish
 Canary Islands Yr Ynysoedd Dedwydd, Ynysoedd y Cŵn Islas Canarias Spanish
 Catalonia Catalwnia Catalunya, Cataluña Catalan, Spanish
 Galicia Galisia Galicia
Galiza 		Galician/Portuguese
Portuguese
 Valencian Community Cymuned Falensia Valencia, València Spanish, Catalan

Turkey

 Turkey Twrci
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Constantinople Caergystennin قسطنطينيه (Ḳosṭanṭīnīye)
Κωνσταντινούπολις (Kōnstantinoupolis)
Constantinopolis
Istanbul Istanbwl İstanbul

United Kingdom (excluding Wales) and Crown dependencies

 United Kingdom Y Deyrnas Unedig
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
Name Language
Archenfield Ergyng Archenfield English
Ballingham Llanbugnal Ballingham English
Bath Caerfaddon Bath English
Belfast Belffast Belfast English
Béal Feirste Irish
Birkenhead Penbedw Birkenhead English
Bishop's Castle Trefesgob Bishop's Castle English
Bridstow Llansanffraid Bridstow English
Bristol Bryste; Caerodor Bristol English
Cambridge Caergrawnt Cambridge English
Cambridgeshire Swydd Gaergrawnt Cambridgeshire English
Canterbury Caergaint Canterbury English
Carlisle Caerliwelydd Carlisle English
Catterick Catraeth Catterick English
Channel Islands Ynysoedd y Sianel Îles Normandes French
Cheltenham Treffynnon [citation needed] Cheltenham English
Cheshire Swydd Gaer Cheshire English
Chester Caer(llion Fawr) Chester English
Chichester Caerfuddai [citation needed] Chichester English
Chirbury Llanffynhonwen Chirbury English
Clyde Clud Cluaidh Scottish Gaelic
Clyde English, Scots
Colchester Caercolyn Colchester English
Cornwall Cernyw Kernow Cornish
Coventry Cofentri, Cwyntry Coventry English
Crewe Cryw, Criw Crewe English
Devon Dyfnaint Devon English
Doncaster Dinas y Garrai; Caerdaun Doncaster English
Dover Dofr[2] Dover English
Dumfries Caerferes Dumfries English
Dùn Phris Scottish Gaelic
Durham Dyrham; Caerweir Durham English
East Midlands Dwyrain Canolbarth Lloegr East Midlands English
Edinburgh Caeredin; Dinas Eidyn Dùn Èideann Scottish Gaelic
Edinburgh English, Scots
England Lloegr England English
English Channel Môr Udd English Channel English
La Manche French
Mor Bretannek Cornish
Exeter Caerwysg Exeter English
Falmouth Aberfal Aberfala Cornish
Firth of Forth Moryd Gweryd, Aber Gweryd Linne Foirthe Scottish Gaelic
Foy Llantiuoi Foy English
Forth river Afon Gweryd[3] Abhainn Dubh, Uisge For Scottish Gaelic
Glastonbury Ynys Gwydrin, Ynys Wydrin Glastonbury English
Gloucester Caerloyw Gloucester English
Gloucestershire Swydd Gaerloyw Gloucestershire English
Guernsey Ynys y Garn Guernèsi Guernésiais
Hebrides Ynysoedd Heledd Innse Gall Scottish Gaelic
Hentland Henlland Hentland English
Hereford Henffordd Hereford English
Herefordshire Swydd Henffordd Herefordshire English
Humber Hwmbr Humber English
Isle of Man Ynys Manaw Ellan Vannin Manx
Isle of Skye Yr Ynys Hir Eilean Sgitheanach Scottish Gaelic
Isle of Wight Ynys Wyth Isle of Wight English
Kenderchurch Llancrug Kenderchurch English
Kent Caint Kent English
Kentchurch Llancein Kentchurch English
Kilpeck Llanddewi Cil Peddeg Kilpeck English
Kington Ceintun Kington English
Lancashire Swydd Gaerhirfryn Lancashire English
Lancaster Caerhirfryn Lancaster English
Leicester Caerlŷr Leicester English
Leicestershire Swydd Gaerlŷr Leicestershire English
Leominster Llanllieni Leominster English
Lichfield Caerlwytgoed Lichfield English
Lincoln Caerllyn, Llyncwlen Lincoln English
Liverpool Lerpwl, Llynlleifiad Liverpool English
Loch Lomond Llyn Llumonwy Loch Laomainn Scottish Gaelic
London Llundain, Caerludd London English
Long Mynd Cefn Hirfynydd Long Mynd English
Ludlow Llwydlo Ludlow English
Lundy Ynys Wair Lundy English
Manchester Manceinion Manchester English
Greater Manchester Manceinion Fwyaf Manchester English
Marstow Llanmartin Marstow English
Mersey Merswy Mersey English
Merseyside Glannau Merswy Merseyside English
Michaelchurch Llanmihangel Michaelchurch English
Much Dewchurch Llandewi Much Dewchurch English
Much Wenlock Gweunllwg Much Wenlock English
Nantwich Yr Heledd Wen Nantwich English
Northwich Yr Heledd Ddu Northwich English
Nottingham Y Tŷ Ogofog Nottingham English
Orkney Ynysoedd Erch Arcaibh Scottish Gaelic
Oswestry Croesoswallt Oswestry English
Oxford Rhydychen Oxford English
Oxfordshire Swydd Rydychen Oxfordshire English
Pennines Penwynion Pennines English
Penrith Penrhudd Penrith English
Peterborough Trebedr Peterborough English
Plymouth Aberplym Plymouth English
Portsmouth Llongborth Portsmouth English
Preston Trefoffeiriaid Preston English
Ross-on-Wye Rhosan-ar-Wy Ross-on-Wye English
St Weonards Llansangwenardd St Weonards English
Salisbury Caersallog; Caercaradog, Caergradwg Salisbury English
Sark Sarc Cerq, Sèr French
Scotland Yr Alban Alba Scottish Gaelic
Scotland English, Scots
Sellack Llansulac Sellack English
Somerset Gwlad-yr-haf Somerset English
Shrewsbury Amwythig Shrewsbury English
Shropshire Swydd Amwythig Shropshire English
St Albans Caermincip St Albans English
The Stiperstones Carneddau Teon The Stiperstones English
Stonehenge Côr y Cewri Stonehenge English
Strathclyde Ystrad Clud Srath Chluaidh Scottish Gaelic
Thames Tafwys Thames English
Trent Trannon Trent English
Ulster Wlster; Wlaidd, Wledd, Wleth Ulaidh Irish
Welsh Bicknor Llangystennin Garth Brenni Welsh Bicknor English
West Midlands Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr West Midlands English
Westminster San Steffan Westminster English
Whitchurch Yr Eglwys Wen Whitchurch English
Winchester Caerwynt, Caerguint Winchester English
Wirral Cilgwri Wirral English
Worcester Caerwrangon Worcester English
Worcestershire Swydd Gaerwrangon Worcestershire English
The Wrekin Din Gwrygon The Wrekin English
Wroxeter Caerwrygion Wroxeter English
York Efrog, Caerefrog York English
Yorkshire Swydd Efrog Yorkshire English

United States

 United States Unol Daleithiau
English name Welsh name Endonym Notes
California Califfornia[4] California
New Mexico Mecsico Newydd New Mexico
Nueva México
New York City Dinas Efrog Newydd New York City
Pennsylvania Pensylfania Pennsylvania
Texas Tecsas Texas
Tejas

Sources

  • Collins-Longman, Yr Atlas Cymraeg Newydd, ISBN 1-86085-377-3 (1999)
  • Book of Llandaff

See also

References

  1. ^ Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (2003). Geiriadur yr Academi.
  2. ^ Geiriadur yr Academi, p. 419.
  3. ^ Crawford, O. G. S. (2011). Topography of Roman Scotland: North of the Antonine Wall. Cambridge University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1107684737. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  4. ^ "BBC Radio Cymru - Byd Iolo, Califfornia".
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