Voiced epiglottal affricate

Voiced epiglottal affricate
Voiced epiglottal affricate
ʡʢ
ʡʢ!
IPA Number	173 174
Audio sample
	source · help

The voiced epiglottal affricate ([ʡ͡ʢ] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as an epiglottal stop [ʡ] and released as a voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ]. For more releases, is initiated as epiglottal stop [ʡ], voiced epiglottal fricative [ʢ] and a alveolar click [!]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Features

Features of the voiced epiglottal affricate:

Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its place of articulation is epiglottal, which means it is articulated with the aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Haida	Hydaburg dialect^[1]	^{[example needed]}			May be a stop [ʡ] or voiceless affricate [ʡʜ] instead.^[1]
Somali		cad	[ʡʢaʔ͡t]	'white'	Only pronounced as [ʡʢ] when 'c' occurs initially, otherwise realized as [ʡ]^[2]

^ a b Mithun (2001), p. 18.
^ Edmondson, Jerold A.; Esling, John H.; Harris, Jimmy G. Supraglottal cavity shape, linguistic register, and other phonetic features of Somali (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-15. Retrieved 2020-11-21.

Mithun, Marianne (2001). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052129875X.