Lichinga

Lichinga
Municipal Council of Lichinga
Municipal Council of Lichinga
Lichinga is located in Mozambique
Lichinga
Lichinga
Coordinates: 13°18′46″S 35°14′26″E / 13.31278°S 35.24056°E / -13.31278; 35.24056
Country Mozambique
ProvincesNiassa Province
Area
 • Total280 km2 (110 sq mi)
Elevation
1,398 m (4,587 ft)
Population
 (2017 census)
 • Total213,361
 • Density760/km2 (2,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+2 (CAT)
ClimateCwb

Lichinga is the capital city of Niassa Province of Mozambique. It lies on the Lichinga Plateau at an altitude of 1,360 metres (4,460 ft), east of Lake Niassa (Lake Malawi). The town was founded as Vila Cabral as a farming and military settlement. It is served by Lichinga Airport. The province borders Ruvuma Region in Tanzania.

History

Early history

The region that is Niassa province is the ancestral homeland of the Yao and Makua.

Portuguese rule

Founded by the Portuguese colonial administration in 1931 as Vila Cabral,[1] the town was designed to become a fast growth urban centre, its streets and avenues paying attention to a projected future growth. Vila Cabral was upgraded to city status in 1962. In the early 1960s its population was 27,000 inhabitants; by 1970 it had 36,715. The city developed as an agriculture and colonial service centre until the independence of Mozambique from Portugal in 1975. In addition, the town's economy included forestry-based activities and was surrounded by a pine tree plantation.[2]

After independence from Portugal

After independence the new government renamed the city Lichinga. The effects of 17 years of civil war (1975-1992) spread famine and disease in Mozambique resulting in many deaths and refugees in the region around Lichinga.

Climate

Owing to its high altitude location the town experiences a moderate subtropical highland climate (Cwb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with cool weather in the dry season (May to September) and average temperatures of 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) in July. Summertime is October to April with the hottest weather in November: average temperature 22 °C (72 °F). This is also the season of heavy rain especially December to March. The annual rainfall is 1,171 mm (46.1 in).

Climate data for Lichinga, Mozambique (1961-1990 normals, extremes 1951-present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)
30.2
(86.4)
29.8
(85.6)
30.3
(86.5)
32.4
(90.3)
27.0
(80.6)
29.0
(84.2)
29.8
(85.6)
31.0
(87.8)
36.4
(97.5)
35.0
(95.0)
32.0
(89.6)
36.4
(97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1)
24.6
(76.3)
24.5
(76.1)
23.8
(74.8)
22.6
(72.7)
21.0
(69.8)
20.4
(68.7)
22.2
(72.0)
25.1
(77.2)
27.1
(80.8)
26.6
(79.9)
24.9
(76.8)
23.9
(75.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 19.6
(67.3)
19.8
(67.6)
19.4
(66.9)
18.6
(65.5)
16.9
(62.4)
15.0
(59.0)
14.7
(58.5)
16.2
(61.2)
18.7
(65.7)
20.7
(69.3)
20.7
(69.3)
19.8
(67.6)
18.4
(65.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 16.1
(61.0)
16.1
(61.0)
15.8
(60.4)
14.6
(58.3)
12.1
(53.8)
9.8
(49.6)
9.4
(48.9)
10.3
(50.5)
12.4
(54.3)
14.8
(58.6)
15.9
(60.6)
16.1
(61.0)
13.6
(56.5)
Record low °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7)
11.0
(51.8)
9.0
(48.2)
7.8
(46.0)
1.9
(35.4)
2.7
(36.9)
1.0
(33.8)
1.8
(35.2)
6.6
(43.9)
8.5
(47.3)
8.9
(48.0)
10.5
(50.9)
1.0
(33.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 222.5
(8.76)
224.1
(8.82)
201.2
(7.92)
91.9
(3.62)
24.6
(0.97)
2.8
(0.11)
3.6
(0.14)
1.0
(0.04)
3.4
(0.13)
19.4
(0.76)
103.0
(4.06)
234.6
(9.24)
1,132.1
(44.57)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 19.4 16.9 17.8 9.8 2.8 0.7 0.9 0.2 0.6 2.6 9.1 17.8 98.6
Average relative humidity (%) 87 86 85 82 76 73 67 63 57 52 65 82 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 130.2 130.0 161.2 183.0 232.5 222.0 213.9 241.8 246.0 279.0 201.0 139.5 2,380.1
Percent possible sunshine 33 37 43 52 66 66 61 67 69 73 53 35 54
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[3]
Source 2: NOAA (extremes)[4]

Demographics

There are a minimum estimated 450,000 Yao people living in Mozambique. They largely occupy the eastern and northern part of the Niassa province and form about 40% of the population of Lichinga.

Year Population[5]
1997 census 85,758
2007 census 142,331
2017 census 213,361

Transport

A railway branch line from the port of Nacala terminates in this town, it has been renovated and receives services 3 times per week. Transport into and out of the city is either by private car or the public chapa, or minibus system. Air service is provided by Lichinga Airport with flights to Nampula and Maputo through LAM Mozambique Airlines or Ethiopian Airlines.[citation needed]

References

  1. ^ www.niassatourism.com, Retrieved on June 14, 2008
  2. ^ Do outro lado do tempo: Moçambique antes de 1975 VERSÂO COMPLETA, retrieved 2023-04-08
  3. ^ "Klimatafel von Lichinga (Vila Cabral), Provinz Niassa / Mosambik" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
  4. ^ "Global Historical Climatological Network - Daily". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 26, 2023.
  5. ^ "Mozambique: largest cities and towns and statistics of their population". World Gazetteer. Retrieved 2008-06-18.[dead link]

13°19′00″S 35°14′00″E / 13.31667°S 35.23333°E / -13.31667; 35.23333

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