Vflo

Vflo is a commercially available, physics-based distributed hydrologic model generated by Vieux & Associates, Inc. Vflo uses radar rainfall data for hydrologic input to simulate distributed runoff.^[1]^[2] Vflo employs GIS maps for parameterization via a desktop interface.^[3] The model is suited for distributed hydrologic forecasting in post-analysis and in continuous operations. Vflo output is in the form of hydrographs at selected drainage network grids, as well as distributed runoff maps covering the watershed. Model applications include civil infrastructure operations and maintenance, stormwater prediction and emergency management, continuous and short-term surface water runoff, recharge estimation, soil moisture monitoring, land use planning, water quality monitoring, and water resources management.

History

Vflo considers the spatial character of the parameters and precipitation controlling hydrologic processes, and thus improves upon lumped representations previously used in hydrologic modeling. Historical practice has been to use lumped representations because of computational limitations or because sufficient data was not available to populate a distributed model database.^[4] Advances in computational speed; development of high-resolution precipitation data from radar and satellites; and availability of worldwide digital data sets and GIS technology makes distributed, physics-based modeling possible.^[5] Vflo is designed to take advantage of the spatial variability of high resolution radar rainfall input, GIS datasets, and hydraulic channel characteristics. Because it is physics-based, it produces hydrographs based on conservation equations and the hydraulics of the drainage network, and can be employed in locations where there are no rain gauges or previous modeling studies. In addition, Vflo’s network approach makes models scalable from upland watersheds to river basins using the same drainage network.

Formulation

Vflo is suited for distributed hydrologic forecasting in post-analysis and continuous operations. Vflo models may be calibrated by loading precipitation maps for historical events and comparing simulated volume/peak hydrographs to observed hydrographs. Elevation data are taken from a digital elevation model. A vector channel representation is employed. Parameterization utilizes digital data sets at any resolution, including LIDAR terrain data and other digital maps of impervious area, soils, and land use/cover. Vflo is developed to utilize multi-sensor inputs from radar, satellites, rain gauges, or model forecasts. The kinematic wave analogy is used to represent hydraulic conditions in a watershed.

Specific simulation options

Rainfall input
- Radar-rainfall: UF, ASCII, NEXRAD Level II, CSV
- Satellite data
- Rain gauges, Barnes objective analysis
- Quantitative precipitation estimates from model forecasts
- Multi-sensor precipitation estimates
Evapotranspiration
Snowmelt
Sensitivity analysis
Inundation mapping
Infiltration
- Enhanced Green-Ampt infiltration module with initial saturation calibration factor (slider), saturated hydraulic conductivity, wetting front suction, effective porosity, and soil depth
- Abstraction and impervious area parameters with ASCII import/export
Overland flow
- Manning's equation
Channel flow
- Kinematic Wave Analogy
- Modified Puls
- Observed flow
- Looped rating curve modification (Jones method)
- Rating curves and cross sections for complex hydraulics
Flood watch points
Design storms, SCS, user generated

Applications

Continuous and short-term surface water runoff
Stormwater prediction and management
Flash flood forecasting
Operational flood alert
Flood event reconstruction
Design Storm development
Recharge estimation
Soil moisture monitoring
Hydrology and Hydraulics studies
Land use planning scenarios
Water quality studies
Hydropower management
Hydrology education
Hydrologic research

References

^ Vieux, B.E., 2004, Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 289 pp.
^ Bedient, P.B., W.C. Huber, and B.E. Vieux, 2008, Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 795 pp.
^ Vieux, B.E., Z. Cui, and A. Gaur, 2004, Evaluation of a physics-based distributed hydrologic model for flood forecasting. J. Hydrol., 298(1-4): 155-177. DMIP special issue.
^ Desconnets, J.-C., B.E. Vieux, B. Cappelaere, and F. Delclaux (1996), “A GIS for hydrologic modeling in the semi-arid, HAPEX-Sahel experiment area of Niger Africa.” Trans. in GIS, 1(2): 82-94.
^ ASCE, 1999, GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the Watershed, Report, ASCE Task Committee, GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the Watershed, P.A. DeBarry, R.G. Quimpo, eds., American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA., p. 120.

[1] Vieux, B.E., 2004, Distributed Hydrologic Modeling Using GIS, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 289 pp.

[2] Bedient, P.B., W.C. Huber, and B.E. Vieux, 2008, Hydrology and Floodplain Analysis, Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 795 pp.

[3] Vieux, B.E., Z. Cui, and A. Gaur, 2004, Evaluation of a physics-based distributed hydrologic model for flood forecasting. J. Hydrol., 298(1-4): 155-177. DMIP special issue.

[4] Desconnets, J.-C., B.E. Vieux, B. Cappelaere, and F. Delclaux (1996), “A GIS for hydrologic modeling in the semi-arid, HAPEX-Sahel experiment area of Niger Africa.” Trans. in GIS, 1(2): 82-94.

[5] ASCE, 1999, GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the Watershed, Report, ASCE Task Committee, GIS Modules and Distributed Models of the Watershed, P.A. DeBarry, R.G. Quimpo, eds., American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA., p. 120.