Vasily Perovsky

Count Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky (1794–1857) was an Imperial Russian general and statesman.

The illegitimate son of Count Aleksey Kirillovich Razumovsky [ru], who became Russia's Minister of National Education, Perovsky studied at Moscow University, then joined the retinue of Emperor Alexander I in 1811. As he retreated toward Moscow after the 1812 Battle of Borodino, the French took him prisoner and he remained in captivity until the fall of Paris in 1814.

Perovsky's Aral Flotilla in the 1850s. One of the steamers was named after Perovsky himself.^[1]

Perovsky was involved in the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) and ended up being seriously wounded then. In 1833, Perovsky was appointed the military governor of Orenburg on the Russian Empire's southeastern frontier. In 1839 he led an invasion on the Khanate of Khiva – in part to free Russian slaves captured from the Russian frontiers on the Caspian Sea and sold by Turkmen raiders; but also as an attempt to extend Russia's borders in the direction of Central Asia while the British Empire was entangled in the First Anglo-Afghan War of 1839–1842. Perovsky's expeditionary force consisted of 5,200 infantry and 10,000 camels. Due to poor planning and bad luck, they set off southwards in November 1839 into one of the worst winters in living memory, and had to turn back on February 1840. The expeditionary force returned to Orenburg, Russia in May, having suffered over 1,000 casualties, mostly from cold and disease.

In 1842 Perovsky left the Orenburg governor's position, but he returned to that office in 1851–1857. This time, his campaigning in central Asia (today's central Kazakhstan) against the Khanates of Khiva and Kokand proved much more successful. After his troops successfully took the Kokand fortress of Ak-Mechet in 1853, the fort was renamed Fort-Perovsky after him. His military successes forced the Khanate of Khiva to make concessions in its 1854 treaty with the Russian Empire.^[2]

For his achievements, Perovsky was made a count in 1855.^{[citation needed]}

Notes

^ Michell, John; Valikhanov, Chokan Chingisovich; Venyukov, Mikhail Ivanovich (1865), The Russians in Central Asia: their occupation of the Kirghiz steppe and the line of the Syr-Daria : their political relations with Khiva, Bokhara, and Kokan : also descriptions of Chinese Turkestan and Dzungaria; by Capt. Valikhanof, M. Veniukof and [others]. Translated by John Michell, Robert Michell, E. Stanford, p. 329
^ "The Southern Frontier of the Russian Empire". The London Review. Vol. 11. London: Alexander Heylin. 1859. p. 242. Retrieved 30 March 2021. This treaty, which reduced Khiva to vassalage, was signed on the 20th of March, 1854, just as the allied powers were going to take the field to save Turkey.

References

Perovsky, Vasily Alekseevich in Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian)

[1] Michell, John; Valikhanov, Chokan Chingisovich; Venyukov, Mikhail Ivanovich (1865), The Russians in Central Asia: their occupation of the Kirghiz steppe and the line of the Syr-Daria : their political relations with Khiva, Bokhara, and Kokan : also descriptions of Chinese Turkestan and Dzungaria; by Capt. Valikhanof, M. Veniukof and [others]. Translated by John Michell, Robert Michell, E. Stanford, p. 329

[2] "The Southern Frontier of the Russian Empire". The London Review. Vol. 11. London: Alexander Heylin. 1859. p. 242. Retrieved 30 March 2021. This treaty, which reduced Khiva to vassalage, was signed on the 20th of March, 1854, just as the allied powers were going to take the field to save Turkey.

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