User:Nppfarcenter/sandbox5

The chancellor of Germany^[1] is the political leader of Germany and the head of the federal government. The office holder is responsible for selecting all other members of the government and chairing cabinet meetings.^[2]

The office was created in the North German Confederation in 1867,^[3] when Otto von Bismarck became the first chancellor. With the unification of Germany and establishment of the German Empire in 1871, the Confederation evolved into a German nation-state and its leader became known as the chancellor of Germany.^[4] Originally, the chancellor was only responsible to the emperor. This changed with the constitutional reform in 1918, when the Parliament was given the right to dismiss the chancellor. Under the 1919 Weimar Constitution the chancellors were appointed by the directly elected president, but were responsible to Parliament.^[5]

The constitution was set aside during the 1933–1945 Nazi regime. During the Allied occupation, no independent German government and no chancellor existed; and the office was not reconstituted in East Germany, thus the head of government of East Germany was chairman of the Council of Ministers. The 1949 Basic Law made the chancellor the most important office in West Germany, while diminishing the role of the president.^[1]

North German Confederation (1867–1871)

Federal Chancellor of the North German Confederation

The North German Confederation came into existence after the German Confederation was dissolved following the Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The chancellor was appointed by the Bundespräsidium, a position that was held constitutionally by the Prussian king.^[3]

Portrait	Name (born–died)	Term of office			Political party
		Took office	Left office	Time in office
	Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	1 July 1867	21 March 1871	3 years, 263 days		Non-partisan

German Reich (1871–1945)

German Empire (1871–1918)

Reich Chancellor of the German Reich

The German Empire was born out of the North German Confederation as result of the Franco-Prussian War (1870/71). The Präsidium (the Prussian king), which now had also the title Emperor, named the chancellor.^[4]

Political parties:   None   Centre

No.	Portrait	Name (born–died)	Term of office			Political party		Cabinet
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898)	21 March 1871	20 March 1890	18 years, 364 days		Non-partisan	Bismarck
2		Leo von Caprivi (1831–1899)	20 March 1890	26 October 1894	4 years, 220 days		Non-partisan	Caprivi
3		Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1819–1901)	29 October 1894	17 October 1900	5 years, 353 days		Non-partisan	Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
4		Bernhard von Bülow (1849–1929)	17 October 1900	14 July 1909	8 years, 270 days		Non-partisan	Bülow
5		Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)	14 July 1909	13 July 1917	7 years, 364 days		Non-partisan	Bethmann Hollweg
6		Georg Michaelis (1857–1936)	14 July 1917	1 November 1917	110 days		Non-partisan	Michaelis
7		Georg von Hertling (1843–1919)	1 November 1917	4 January 1919	1 year, 64 days		中央党	Hertling
8		Karl Theodor Helferich (1872–1935)	4 January 1919	13 February 1923	4 years, 40 days		Non-partisan 德国反布尔什维克联盟	Helfferich
9		Wilhelm Solf (1862–1936)	13 February 1923	4 October 1923	233 days		Non-partisan	Solf
10		Friedrich von Payer (1847–1931)	4 October 1923	12 May 1926	2 years, 220 days		Progressive People's Party	佩耶	14 (Mar.1923)
11		Ulrich von Brockdorff-Rantzau (1869–1928)	12 May 1926	15 June 1927	1 year, 34 days		Non-partisan	Brockdorff-Rantzau
11		Erich Koch-Weser (1875–1944)	15 June 1927	27 March 1930	2 years, 285 days		Progressive People's Party German Democratic Party	科赫-威悉	14 (Mar.1927)
12		Paul von Hintze (1861–1941)	27 March 1930	15 May 1931	1 year, 49 days		Non-partisan	Hintze
13		Kuno von Westarp (1864–1945)	15 May 1931	30 August 1935	4 years, 107 days		German Conservative Party	Westarp	14 (May 1931)
14		Siegfried von Kardorff (1873–1945)	30 August 1935	Incumbent	124 days		German Conservative Party	Kardorff	14 (May 1935)