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Jamshedpur
Metropolis
Country	India
State	Jharkhand
Area
• Metropolis	150 km2 (60 sq mi)
• Metro	224 km2 (86 sq mi)
Population
• Metropolis	629,659
• Metro	1,337,131

Jamshedpur, also known as Tatanagar, is a major industrial city located in the East Singhbhum district of Jharkhand, India. It is the largest urban agglomeration in the state and serves as an important industrial hub. The city is situated in the Chota Nagpur plateau region and is surrounded by picturesque hills and forests. The Dalma Hills to the north and the Singhbhum Hills to the northwest add to the natural beauty of the area. The Subarnarekha and Kharkai rivers flow through the city, enhancing its charm.

Jamshedpur was founded by Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, a visionary industrialist, in 1919. It was established as a planned industrial town to house the Tata Iron and Steel Company (now Tata Steel). The city was named after Jamshedji Tata. Jamshedpur's development was guided by the principles of providing a high standard of living, social welfare, and industrial growth. During World War I and World War II, Jamshedpur played a crucial role in supporting the war effort. Tata Steel contributed significantly to the production of steel and munitions required for the war. The city witnessed a rapid expansion of its industrial capabilities, leading to its growth and development.

Jamshedpur is renowned for its industrial significance. Tata Steel, one of the world's largest steel producers, is headquartered in the city. The presence of Tata Steel and Tata Motors has attracted numerous other industries, making Jamshedpur a thriving industrial center. The city is also home to other major companies and institutions, contributing significantly to the local economy. The city is home to several prestigious educational institutions, including XLRI - Xavier School of Management and National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jamshedpur. It offers a range of educational opportunities in various fields, contributing to the intellectual growth of the region.

History

Early History

The Chaturmukhi Shiva temple is a historic religious site located between the villages of Ichagarh and Lepatand in the Seraikela-Kharsawan district of Jharkhand, India.^[1] This temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, and it houses a unique four-faced Linga, representing the deity. The Chaturmukhi Shivalinga of Ichagarh is renowned as one of the few Shivalingas of its kind in the country. The local villagers have collectively constructed a small temple in this sacred location.

According to the villagers, the Chaturmukhi Shiva temple complex once contained 40 to 50 ancient Shivalingas. However, due to insufficient protection over the years, only a few of these ancient artifacts remain today. Many other Shivlingas can be found in the vicinity, where devotees come to offer their prayers. The temple holds deep religious significance for the local community, and there is a strong belief among the people that Lord Shiva, affectionately known as Baba Bholenath, fulfills the desires of those who seek his blessings.

Adjacent to the temple, there is a mysterious cave located near the Karkari River, situated between Ichagarh and Lepatand villages. It is believed that this cave leads to Dayapur in the Neemdih block. In the past, before the royal family arrived in Ichagarh, there was a royal palace (Rajbari) in Dayapur. Villagers recount the story of a king who used to ride on horseback through this cave every day to worship Lord Bhole Nath in Ichagarh. Due to incidents of theft and destruction of valuable archaeological treasures, the temple complex is now protected by a surrounding wall. In 1990, the Archaeological Department visited Ichagarh for investigation, but the villagers opposed their excavation attempts and successfully sent them back.

The origins of the Chaturmukhi Shiva temple in Ichagarh are uncertain, with no concrete evidence available. However, popular local legends attribute its construction to King Vikramaditya. It is believed that King Vikramaditya also built several heritage buildings in the surrounding area, the remnants of which can still be seen today. Conducting excavations in this region could potentially unveil a series of significant archaeological sites and contribute to the understanding of the area's historical heritage.^[2]

Muslim rule

Dhalbhum

Raja Jagat Dev, the second son of Raja Bhoj Dev II of Dhar in 1283 AD, migrated from Jagner near Dholpur and established the Parmar rule in the Khatra region of Bengal around the 1300s.^[3] After defeating the local ruler, Chintamani Dhoba, Raja Jagat Dev assumed the title of 'Dhabal Dev' and became known as Raja Jaganath Dhabal Dev I.^[3] He was a devoted follower of Lord Shiva and renamed one of the hills in Dhalbhum as Dharagiri, where he consecrated the Neel Kantheshwar Shivling temple.^[3] The Dhalbhum Raj extended across the Khatra region of Bankura District, parts of Midnapore district, and Singhbhum district in present-day Jharkhand.^[3]

The rulers of Dhalbhum Raj played a significant role in India's freedom struggle.^[3] The Dhalbhum Uprising took place from 1769 to 1774 when the Raja of Dhalbhum rebelled against the East India Company.^[3] In 1799, the Chuar Rebellion occurred when the Raja of Dhalbhum, along with the Raja of Jhargram, rebelled against the East India Company forces. Eventually, the East India Company reinstated Raja Jaganath Dhabal Dev VI as the ruler in 1774.^[3]

Ghatshila served as the administrative capital of Dhalbhum Raj. The region was known for its rich mineral resources, particularly copper mines, which were first reported in 1833. The mining of copper started in 1857 by Calcutta-based businessmen who leased the mines from the Raja of Dhalbhum. The Bengal Iron and Steel Company operated iron ore mines in the region, and later discoveries of manganese, soapstone, limestone, chromite, and mica led to expanded mining operations. In 1937, uranium deposits were discovered in Jaduguda mines near Ghatshila, and several mines in the area continue to provide enriched uranium for the country. Dhalbhum Raj was also granted the rights to maintain its own police force.

In 1887, Raja Shatrughan Deo Dhabal Dev inherited the Dhalbhum Raj estate according to the law of primogeniture from his cousin uncle, Raja Ramchandra Deo Dhabal Dev VIII.

After British conquest of Kolhan, Singhbhum district was established as a part of British India and completely under British governance.

Foundation

Tata Iron and Steel Company was officially established on 3rd March 1912. World War I started few years later. It spread to Western Asia, centering around Suez Canal, the Ottoman controlled Palestine and region of Mesopotamia, now part of Iraq. When World War I broke out in 1914, Tata's steel mill in Jamshedpur played a pivotal role in supporting the war effort. The steel production was redirected towards the construction of rails for military transportation, spanning vast distances across Mesopotamia, Egypt, Palestine and East Africa. This contribution of nearly 1,500 miles of rail and 300,000 tonnes of steel proved indispensable for the military campaigns during the war.

With the eruption of World War II in 1939, Jamshedpur once again emerged as a significant player. The city's steel sheds, water pipes, sleepers, shells, and guns became vital resources for the war effort. The steel produced in Jamshedpur played a critical role in halting the Japanese advance into China. Recognizing the high-value target that was Jamshedpur's steel plant, the British authorities implemented various defense measures, including the establishment of bomb shelters and the deployment of anti-aircraft guns.

To protect their operations, Tata Steel devised ingenious defense strategies. Steel ropes attached to gas balloons were utilized to deter Japanese fighter planes from bombing the mill. Strategically placed tar boilers throughout the factory created smokescreens that blended with the chimneys' fumes, providing effective cover. Additionally, factory hooters were repurposed as air raid sirens, alerting workers to take necessary precautions during attacks.

As the Japanese attacks on Jamshedpur intensified, Allied forces were stationed in the city. However, the lack of suitable accommodations posed a challenge. In response, the resourceful Bartholomew D'Costa, an enterprising Anglo-Indian, and his son constructed The Boulevard Hotel using bricks from their kiln and cutlery purchased from a closing-down hotel in Calcutta. This innovative solution provided much-needed accommodations for British and American troops during the war. Furthermore, Jamshedpur's Tata Steel played a crucial role in the production of armored vehicles during the war. With Britain facing a shortage of Armored Fighting Vehicles (AFVs), Commonwealth countries were called upon to contribute. Tata Steel rose to the occasion by utilizing Ford truck chassis imported from Canada and manufacturing armor-plated hulls. This collaboration resulted in the production of a series of Wheeled Armored Carriers known as the 'Tatanagar.' Between 1940 and 1944, the Railway workshop in Jamshedpur built an impressive total of 4,655 units of Tatanagars, making a significant contribution to the war effort.

Contemporary

Following independence of India, Jamshedpur became part of Bihar, as part of East Singhbhum district. In beginning of post-independence years, the city experienced an increase in political violence, communal riots and organized crimes.

Geography

Jamshedpur is located 250 km from Kolkata and 750 km from Bhubaneswar by road.

Transport

Airway

Jamshedpur is served by a local city airport, located in Sonari. It was opened in 1935 by Tata Steel. It handled regional airliner.

Palestine relations with Jamshedpur Saddam Saudi

International relations

Sister cities

• Gunsan, South Korea
• Nagoya Prefecture, Japan
• Jerusalem Governorate, Palestine

Relations

Jamshedpur have been premier in the state, for demonstrations and activities related to international events. During the 2022 Russia — Ukraine War, a massive protest took place in solidarity with the victims affected in the invasion by Russia. In 2023, a demonstration against the Israel—Hamas War took place on the streets of Jamshedpur.

History

World War I began in August of 1914, which spread much of Suez Canal, and from there to the region of Mesopotamia, which is now known as Iraq. Britain was in need of cars and weapons, whose raw material was steels.

Articles

• Golmuri Golf Course
• Golmuri Clock Tower
• Jamshedpur Tech Park
• Regal Building
• Jayprakash Narayan Setu
• Dhatkidih Masjid