User:Igny/sb

Putin

Putinland

Putinland is a pejorative neologism which appeared in the international media following the murder of Anna Politkovskaya and Alexander Litvinenko. The term is intended to portray Russia as a corrupt and murderous regime where the line between the security forces and organised crime is blurred, with particular reference to alleged FSB involvement in the Russian apartment bombings and the assassinations of prominent critics.^[1]

The term was used by Anna Politkovskaya in an interview held 18 months before her death, she said in relation to the murders of 15 investigative journalists: "It's the same old story, nobody who tells the truth in Putinland is safe"^[2]

A five part French documentary called "Murder By Numbers In Putinland" was made which probes the suppression of dissent in Russia and the murder of Alexander Litvinenko in London, along with interviews of the prime suspect in the Litvinenko murder, Andre Lugovoi, who is considered a hero in Russia.^[1]

Edward Lucas refers to Russia as "Putinland" when Russian publishers refused to publish the bestselling book "Gulag" by the Pulitzer Prize winning author Anne Applebaum, fearing Kremlin intervention if texts cast the Soviet Union in an unfavourable light.^{[3][verification needed]}

Putinjugend

Putinjugend, also Putin Jugend (Russian: Путинюгенд, Путин-югенд, Путин Югенд, ^{[4] [5]}meaning "Putin's Youth" in German), is a pejorative neologism coined in analogy to Hitlerjugend, used as a nickname^[5] for a number of pro-Putin mass youth organizations created during Putin's presidency, including Walking Together ^[6][7][8], Nashi (Ours)^[8], and Young Guard of United Russia.^[5] In the mainstream German media^[9] and in scholarly journals^[8], parallels have been drawn between these youth groups and fascism.^[10]

Vasily Yakemenko, the head of Nashi, blamed web sites controlled by Berezovsky, other political emigrants, and domestic opposition for propagation of the label.^[11] According to Schmid, "Putin Youth" was originally coined in the mass media because Nashi took to wearing T-shirts with a portrait of Putin.^[8]

Phone call to Putin

Phone Call to Putin (Russian: звонок Путину) is a Russian neologism for a torture method used by Russian police to extract a confession out of Alexey Mikheyev. It consisted of administering electric shocks to Mikheyev's earlobes.^{[12][13][14][15]} According to Amnesty International, torture with electric shocks is common in Russia.^{[16][17][18][19][20]}

This method was profiled in publications describing a case of Aleksei Mikheyev who was falsely accused of murder while his alleged victim was alive and well.^[12] After surviving the alleged "phone call" torture, he jumped out of a third-floor window to escape his tormentors. The fall resulted in a spinal cord injury that rendered Mikheyev a paraplegic.^[21] His case was taken to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France and became notable as "the first serious victory in a case of torture" brought to the Court against Russian government.^[22][14]

Estonia

eSStonia

eSStonia (/[ɛsˈɛsˈtoʊniə]/) (Russian: эSSтония, or эССтония) is a pejorative neologism expressing anti-Estonian sentiment which appeared in the Russian media, Nashi protests and on Runet the midst of the Bronze Soldier controversy in 2007.

The term, a portmanteau of Estonia and SS, is intended to portray Estonia as a facist or neo-Nazi state,^[23][24] referring to the perception in Russia that Estonia glorifies its NAZI past^[25] and what Russia regards as desecration of Soviet-War memorials by the Estonian state.^[26][27][28] This perception has been called "nonsensical", and usage of the term a "cheap jibe", by Edward Lucas.^[27]

The Bronze Soldier monument in Tallinn is considered by Estonians as a symbol of Soviet occupation and repression, and by ethnic Russians in Estonia as a symbol of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War.^[29] The relocation of the monument by Estonian authorities was regarded by Russia to be a desecration of the Soviet-War memorial by the Estonian state.^{[24][26][27][30][31]}

When Russian youth organisation Nashi protested outside the Embassy of Estonia in Moscow in April 2007, some members were carrying signs stating "Wanted. The Ambassador of the Fascist State of eSStonia" ([«Разыскивается посол фашистского государства эSSтония»] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)), in reference to then-Ambassador of Estonia to Russia Marina Kaljurand.^[32] Members of the Young Guard picketed the Consulate-General of Estonia in Saint Petersburg in May 2007, holding up pickets with various slogans including, "eSStonia – the shame of Europe!" ([«эSSтония — позор Европы!»] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)).^[33]

The use of eSStonia in protests by Nashi and the Young Guard led to the head of the Saint Petersburg youth branch of Yabloko to file a complaint with Yury Chaika, the Prosecutor General of Russia, asking for an investigation into a possible breach of Article 282 Incitement of National, Racial, or Religious Enmity of the Criminal Code of Russia.^[32][34]

In November 2007, Komsomolskaya Pravda, the biggest selling daily newspaper in Russia, ran a campaign asking readers to boycott travel to Estonia, utilisation of Estonian services and purchase of Estonian goods. The campaign was run under the slogan "I don't go to eSStonia" ([Я не еду в эSSтонию] Error: {{Lang-xx}}: text has italic markup (help)).^[35][36][24] According to Komsomolskaya Pravda, unnamed Estonian experts estimated that boycotts are expected to cost the Estonian economy up to US$363 million annually.^[37] According to Vasily Loktionov the boycotts also affected profitable Russian transit trade and impacted hundreds of Russians working in Estonia.^[38]

The Economist in its editorial called the term a cheap jibe by spelling the country's name eSStonia, President Ilves as IlveSS and Prime Minister Ansip as AnSSip, while noting the coining of the term "Nashism" to describe the authoritarian populist (ie, fascist) philosophy of the Kremlin-run youth movement, “Nashi” (“Ours”), as encouraging counter attack. ^[26]

References