User:Crewcamel/sandbox

Syrian Civil War Infobox

Syrian Civil War
Part of the Arab Spring, the Arab Winter, the spillover of the Iraqi Civil War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Current military situation: Red: Syrian government, Green: Syrian opposition, Yellow: Rojava (SDF), Grey: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant,
White: Tahrir al-Sham (formerly known as the al-Nusra Front)
For a more detailed map, see Cities and towns during the Syrian Civil War. The map above was last updated on 13 May 2017.
Date15 March 2011 (2011-03-15) – present
(13 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 2 days)
Location
Syria (with spillovers in neighboring countries)
Status Ongoing
Territorial
changes		 As of May 2017: the government held 22.03% of Syria (70.6% of the population); ISIL-held territory constituted 32.38% of Syria (5.9% of the population); 22.43% controlled by the SDF (14.2% of the population); 23.16% held by rebel groups (including the al-Nusra front; 9.3% of the population)[13]
Main belligerents
Syrian opposition

 Turkey[a] (from 2016)

Support:
 Rojava (SDF)
(from 2012)
Allied Groups
Support:

CJTF–OIR
(from 2014)

Participants
Commanders and leaders
more
KIA:
KIA:
KIA:
United StatesUnited States Army Stephen J. Townsend[41]
(Commander of CJTF-OIR)
Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 180,000[42]
General Security Directorate: 8,000[43]
National Defense Force: 80,000[44]

Allied groups
  • Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[45]
    Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000
    Russia: 4,000 troops[46] and 1,000 contractors[47]
    Iran: 3,000–5,000[45][48]
    Other allied groups: 15,500+

FSA: 40,000–50,000[49]
Islamic Front: 40,000–70,000[50]

Other groups: 12,500[51]		 15,000–20,000 (U.S. claim, late 2016)[52]

SDF: 50,000+[53][54]

  • YPG and YPJ: 57,000–60,000[55][56]
    (most, not all, part of the SDF)
  • Syriac Military Council: 2,000
  • Army of Revolutionaries: 3,000
Casualties and losses

Syrian Government:
60,901–95,901 soldiers killed[57][58]
45,290–59,290 militiamen killed[57][58]
4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[57]

Allied groups
  • Hezbollah:
    1,421–1,700 killed[57][59]
    Iran: Over 1000 Iranian soldiers killed (November 2016)[60]
    Russia Russia:
    33–38 soldiers[61][62] and 28–34 contractors killed[63]
    Other non-Syrian fighters:
    6,862 killed[57]

110,811–146,811 fighters killed[d][57][58]
979 protesters killed[64]

Turkey Turkey:
71 soldiers killed (2016–17 ground incursion)[65]		 11,522+ killed (per SOHR)[66]
20,711+ killed (per YPG and SAA)[67][68]

Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria Rojava:
3,613 killed[69][70]

CJTF–OIR:
3 killed[71][72][73]

96,073[57]–103,648[74] civilian deaths estimate

Total killed:
321,358–451,358 (March 2017 SOHR estimate)[57]

Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate) Over 4,800,000 refugees (August 2016 estimate NRC Handelsblad)[75]

a Turkey has provided arms support to the Syrian opposition since 2011. From August 2016 to March 2017, Turkey fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate against the SDF and ISIL but not against the Syrian government.

b From September to November 2016, the United States fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL, but not against the Syrian government or the SDF.[76][77] In April 2017, the United States attacked the Syrian government in response to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack.
hidden refs

  • References

    1. ^ Bodeen, Christopher (8 August 2016). "Chinese Admiral Visits Syria in Show of Support". Associated Press. Retrieved 10 December 2016.
    2. ^ "U.S. weapons reaching Syrian rebels". Washington Post. 11 September 2013.
    3. ^ Ruth Sherlock (25 November 2011). "Libya's new rulers offer weapons to Syrian rebels". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 8 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
    4. ^ C. J. Chivers; Eric Schmitt; Mark Mazzetti (21 June 2013). "In Turnabout, Syria Rebels Get Libyan Weapons". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 April 2017. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
    5. ^ Hozan Mamo; Ahmed Shiwesh (10 June 2016). "French special forces assisting Kurdish-led SDF in war on ISIS north Syria". ARA News. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
    6. ^ "U.S.-backed fighters poised to cut key ISIS supply line". CBS News. 9 June 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
    7. ^ a b Irish, John (13 November 2013). "Syrian Kurdish leader claims military gains against Islamists". Reuters. Archived from the original on 14 November 2013. Retrieved 12 April 2017. Muslim said the PYD had received aid, money and weapons from the Iraq-based Kurdistan Democratic Party and Patriotic Union of Kurdistan...
    8. ^ Ranj Alaaldin (16 December 2014). "A Dangerous Rivalry for the Kurds". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 April 2017. Once again, the P.U.K. saw a chance to seize the initiative, by suggesting that it, rather than the Kurdistan regional government or the K.D.P., was providing weapons and supplies to the Syrian Kurdish fighters, who belong to a party that has historically been at odds with the K.D.P. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
    9. ^ Jack Murphy (23 March 2017). "Did Kurdistan's Counter-Terrorist Group assault the Tabqa Dam in Syria?". SOFREP. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
    10. ^ "First unit of Peshmerga enters Kobane". ARA News. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 29 March 2017.
    11. ^ "France Says Its Airstrikes Hit an ISIS Camp in Syria". The New York Times. 28 September 2015.
    12. ^ Barton, Rosemary (26 November 2015). "Justin Trudeau to pull fighter jets, keep other military planes in ISIS fight". CBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2016.
    13. ^ "War Statistics / Syrian War Statistics". Retrieved 6 May 2017.
    14. ^ "Leading Syrian regime figures killed in Damascus bomb attack". The Guardian. July 2012.
    15. ^ "Syria defence minister killed in Damascus bomb". The Daily Telegraph. 18 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
    16. ^ "Syria Remains Silent on Intelligence Official's Death". The New York Times. 24 April 2015.
    17. ^ "Assad cousin killed in Syria's Latakia". Al Jazeera. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
    18. ^ "Iranian commander Brigadier General Hossein Hamedani killed by Isis while advising Syrian regime". The Independent. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    19. ^ "Iranian General Is Killed in Syria". The Wall Street Journal. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    20. ^ "Commander of Hezbollah Freed by Israel Is Killed in Syria". BBC. 20 December 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    21. ^ "Obituary: Hezbollah military commander Mustafa Badreddine". BBC. 14 May 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    22. ^ "Al-Nusra Front claims responsibility for Hezbollah fighters' death". Middle East Monitor. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    23. ^ "Israeli strike on Syrian Golan Heights 'kills son of top military commander and five other fighters from Lebanese Shiite militant group'". Daily Mail. 19 January 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    24. ^ "Analysis: Shiite Afghan casualties of the war in Syria". Long War Journal. 12 March 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    25. ^ a b "Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front". BBC. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
    26. ^ Turkish Special Forces: From stopping a coup to the frontline of the ISIL fight Hürriyet Daily News, 24 August 2016.
    27. ^ "Russian raids kill prominent Syrian rebel commander". Al Jazeera.
    28. ^ "Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds". Reuters.
    29. ^ "Death of 'ISIL commander' in southern Syria a blow to the group". The National.
    30. ^ "Isis leader incapacitated with suspected spinal injuries after air strike". The Guardian. 1 May 2015.
    31. ^ "U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda". United States Department of State. 10 August 2013.
    32. ^ "Isis: US-trained Tajik special forces chief Gulmurod Khalimov becomes Isis war minister". Yahoo News. 6 September 2016.
    33. ^ "ISIS confirms death of senior leader in Syria". Long War Journal. February 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
    34. ^ Alessandria Masi (11 November 2014). "If ISIS Leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Is Killed, Who Is Caliph Of The Islamic State Group?". International Business Times. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
    35. ^ "A Top ISIS Leader Is Killed in an Airstrike, the Pentagon Says". The New York Times. 25 March 2016. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
    36. ^ "U.S. confirms death of ISIS operative Omar al-Shishani". CNN. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016.
    37. ^ "U.S. drone strike kills a senior Islamic State militant in Syria"". The Washington Post. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    38. ^ "U.S. names ISIS commander killed in raid". CNN. 19 May 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    39. ^ "U.S.: ISIS No.2 killed in U.S. drone strike in Iraq". CNN. 22 August 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    40. ^ "Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run". The Daily Telegraph. 9 July 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
    41. ^ [1] accessdate=2016-12-29
    42. ^ "Syria military strength". Global Fire Power. 17 October 2015.
    43. ^ "Syria's diminished security forces". Agence France-Presse. 28 August 2013. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
    44. ^ ISIS’ Iraq offensive could trigger Hezbollah to fill gap left in Syria The Daily Star, 16 June 2014
    45. ^ a b "Iran 'Foreign Legion' Leads Battle in Syria's North". The Wall Street Journal. 17 February 2016.
    46. ^ "Russia's Syria force has reportedly grown to 4,000 people". Business Insider. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 4 November 2015. {{cite news}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
    47. ^ Thomas Grove (18 December 2015). "Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say". The Wall Street Journal.
    48. ^ "State-of-the-art technology is giving Assad's army the edge in Syria". 26 February 2016.
    49. ^ Cockburn, Patrick (11 December 2013). "West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad". The Independent.
    50. ^ "Front to Back". Foreign Policy.
    51. ^ Who are these 70,000 Syrian fighters David Cameron is relying on?. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
    52. ^ "Isis ranks dwindle to 15,000 amid 'retreat on all fronts', claims Pentagon". The Guardian. 11 August 2016. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
    53. ^ US Assistant Secretary of Defense tells Turkey only ISIS is a target, not Kurds
    54. ^ ISIS' enemies line up to take Raqqa, but when -- and how?
    55. ^ "Will the Islamic State last through 2015?". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
    56. ^ "Kurdish Women Turning Kobani into a Living 'Hell' for Islamic State".
    57. ^ a b c d e f g h "About 465 thousand persons were killed in 6 years of the Syrian revolution and more than 14 million were wounded and displaced". 13 March 2017.
    58. ^ a b c "Tantalizing promises of Bashar al- Assad kill more than 11000 fighters of his forces during 5 months". SOHR. 17 December 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
    59. ^ "Israel's Army Chief: Hezbollah Struggling With 'Budgetary and Morale Crisis'". Haaretz. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
    60. ^ Death toll among Iran's forces in Syrian war passes 1,000 By Bozorgmehr Sharafedin, Reuters, Tue Nov 22, 2016,
    61. ^ Список погибших россиян с начала кампании ВКС в Сирии
    62. ^ "Media: Russian serviceman was killed during Russia's first day of operations in Syria last year". 16 December 2016. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
      Officer of Russia’s airborne troops killed in Syria
      Russia underplayed losses in recapture of Syria's Palmyra
      "Russian marine major killed in combat in Syria - agencies". 20 April 2017. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
    63. ^ "Three Russians killed in Syria: pro-government source". Yahoo News. 20 October 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
      Thomas Grove (18 December 2015). "Up to Nine Russian Contractors Die in Syria, Experts Say". The Wall Street Journal.
      "Fontanka Investigates Russian Mercenaries Dying For Putin In Syria And Ukraine". 29 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
      Another Russian soldier reportedly killed in Syria
      “Secret Losses” of Russian GRU Special Forces
      Russia underplayed losses in recapture of Syria's Palmyra
      It became known about the death of nine Russians in Syria
    64. ^ "Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed". Ansamed.ansa.it. 19 March 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
    65. ^ "Fırat Kalkanı Harekâtı'ndan acı haber".
    66. ^ "IS executes over 3,000 in Syria in year-long ´caliphate´". Agence France-Presse. 28 June 2015.
      9 weeks of the “truce and cease of fight operations” kills almost 5,600 people in most of the Syrian provinces
      "81 executions during the 23rd month "the Islamic State's Caliphate" in Syria rise the number of executions carried out by the "Islamic State" to 4225". SOHR. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
      Thousands flee ISIS offensive in northern Syria
      The third US citizen fighter is killed in Manbij area and casualty number rises to about 1800 civilians and fighters
      "About 8500 persons including 3200 civilians killed by Russian warplanes in 11 months of bombing in Syria". SOHR. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
    67. ^ "YPG releases balance-sheet of 2014: Nearly 5,000 ISIS members killed".
      "Balance of the War Against Hostile Groups in Rojava, Northern Syria: Year 2015".
      YPG releases the 2016 balance sheet of war
    68. ^ "Syrian Army Kills Nearly 5,000 IS Militants in Three Months: Source". sputniknews.com. 25 December 2014.
      "The army takes full control of Palmyra city, hundreds of ISIS terrorists killed – Syrian Arab News Agency".
    69. ^ Jonathan Steele. "The Syrian Kurds Are Winning!". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
    70. ^ YPG releases the 2016 balance sheet of war
    71. ^ "Marine is first US death in operations against Islamic State". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
    72. ^ "Jordan pilot murder: Islamic State deploys asymmetry of fear". 4 February 2015 – via www.bbc.com.
    73. ^ "American Is Killed in First Casualty for U.S. Forces in Syria Combat". The New York Times. 24 November 2016.
    74. ^ "Violations Documenting Center". Violations Documenting Center. 8 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
    75. ^ NRC Handelsblad, 15 August 2016.
    76. ^ Thomas Gibbons-Neff (16 September 2016). "U.S. Special Operations forces begin new role alongside Turkish troops in Syria". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
    77. ^ Andrew Tilghman (16 November 2016). "U.S. halts military support for Turkey's fight in key Islamic State town". MilitaryTimes. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
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