User:Artemis Andromeda/sandbox/wierzbno

Wierzbno
Neighbourhood and City Information System area
Malczewskiego Street in Wierzbno, in 2023.
Malczewskiego Street in Wierzbno, in 2023.
Location of Wierzbno within the district of Mokotów, in accordance to the City Information System.
Location of Wierzbno within the district of Mokotów, in accordance to the City Information System.
Coordinates: 52°11′40″N 21°00′52″E / 52.19444°N 21.01444°E / 52.19444; 21.01444
Country Poland
VoivodeshipMasovian
City countyWarsaw
DistrictMokotów
Municipal neighbourhoodWierzbno
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Area code+48 22

Wierzbno is a neighbourhood, and an area of the City Information System, in the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Mokotów.[1]

Name

The name of Wierzbno comes from Polish word wierzba, which means willow. Its founder, Józef Jakubowski, had originally named it in 18th century Pod Wierzbą, which means under the willow, most likely referring to willow trees present in the area.[2]

Characteristics

Housing

Public spaces

The main avenue of the Dreszer Park, in 2018.

In Wierzbno are located a few urban parks. Between Ursynowska Street, Puławska Street, Odyńca Street, and Krasickiego Street is located the Dreszer Park, which consists of a main avenue, and adjacent pathways, with trees planet alongside them.[3][4] In the park is located the Monument of Fighting Mokotów of 1944 (also known as the Monument of Mokotów Insurgents), dedicated to Polish resistance fighters, mainly from the Baszta Battalion, who fought in the park in 1944 during the Warsaw Uprising. The monument, designed by Eugeniusz Ajewski, and unvailed in 1985, consists of a glacial erratic rock broken into two parts, with a sculpture of the Kotwica (Anchor), which, during the Second World War, served as the emblem of the Polish Underground State, and the Home Army. It is a ligature of the letters P and W, symbolizing term Polska Walcząca, which in Polish, means Fighting Poland. Infront of the sculpture is placed a plaque with text commemorating the fighters. Infront of the monument are held annual commemorative celebrations.[3][5] Next to the park, between Ursynowska Street, Odyńca Street, Krasickiego Street, and Independence Avenue, is located the 2nd Jordan Garden, one of the Jordan gardens in the city, which form an urban green spaces dedicated as the recreational and play area for children and youth. It is located between Ursynowska Street, Odyńca Street, Krasickiego Street, and Independence Avenue.[6]

In the neighbourhood is also located the eastern portion of the Arkadia Park, known as the Upper Arkadia. The park is located between Puławska Street, Żywnego Street, Piaseczyńska Street, and Idzikowskiego Street, next to the gardens of Królikarnia palace.[7]

There is also the Olga and Andrzej Małkowskis Square, a garden square located between Puławska Street, and Okolska Street.[8]

Public transit

The Wierzbno metro station in 2023.

In the neighbourhood are located two stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro. They are Wierzbno station, located at the intersection of Woronicza Street, Independence Avenue, and Naruszewicza Street, and Racławicka station, located at the intersection of Racławicka Street, Wiktorska Street, and Independace Avenue.[9][10]

Media

The building of the headquarters of Polskie Radio (Polish Radio), in Wierzbno, in 2017.

In Wierzbno, at 77/85 Independence Avenue, are located the headquarters of Polskie Radio (Polish Radio), a national public-service radio broadcasting organization of Poland.[11]

Sports

https://culture.pl/pl/dzielo/osrodek-sportowy-sks-warszawianka

Religion

The parish church of the Parish of Saint Michael the Archangel, located in Wierzbno, at 95 95 Puławska Street, in 2018.

In Wierzbno are located two parish churches of the Roman Catholic parishes.[12]

The parish church of the Parish of Saint Michael the Archangel is located at the 95 Puławska Street, at Puławska Street and Dolna Street. It was built between 1950 and 1966, in place of historical Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary. It was built between 1853 and 1856, and was originally part of the Roman Catholic Parish of St. Alexander. In 1917, it became the parish church, in an area that forms the current parish. The building was destroyed in 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising.[12][13]

The parish church of the Roman Catholic Parish of Madonna of Angels, is located at 98A Modzelewskiego Street. The parish was established in 1983, and is run by Franciscans.[14][15]

In Wierzbno, at 31 Racławicka Street, is also located the Monastery of St. Joseph of the Catholic mendicant order of Discalced Carmelites. The order occupies the building since 1947. It is the headquarters of the Discalced Carmelites Warsaw Province of the Most Holy Trinity, one of the two order provinces in Poland.[16][17]

Embassies

The building of the embassy of Algeria in Wierzbno, located at 25 Krasickiego Street, in 2021.

In Wierzbno are located embassies of Algeria at 10 Krasickiego Street, Croatia at 25 Krasickiego Street, and Kuwait at 26 Krasickiego Street.[18]

History

In 1770s, the patch of land was given by king Stanisław August Poniatowski, monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, to Józef Jakubowski, the brigadier of the French Army. On his lands, Jakubowski had established a small folwark-type settlement of Wierzbno near the village of Mokotów (now part of Old Mokotów), which he then called Pod Wierzbą, which in Polish means under the willow tree.[2][19]

The Królikarnia palace, built in 1786, in southern Wierzbno, around which was developed Ksawerów. Photography made in 2014.

In 1786, in southern Wierzbno was built Królikarnia palace, owned by Carlo Alessandro Tomatis, husband of Caterina Gattai Tomatis.[20] In 1794, during the Kościuszko Uprising, it was the residence of Tadeusz Kościuszko, the leader of the insurrect forces.[21] In 1816, Tomatis had sold it to the Radziwiłł family.[20]

Fanshawe Palace built around 1850, as the residence of the Fanshawe family, the owners of Henryków. Photography made in 2012.

At the beginning of the 19th century, Henryk Bonnet, a French-born clerk who served as the State Councillor and the judge in the district court of Warsaw, had bought an area around current Malczewskiego Street, establishing there the folwark-type settlement of Henryków. Originally, it was only inhabited by French people. In there was built a small palace residence of the Bonnet family.[22][23] In 1824, Louisa Bonnet de Belon (1802-1876), Henryk Bonnet's daughter, had married George Fanshawe (1789-1867), English-born chamberlain and colonel in the Imperial Russian Army. The couple had inherited the property around 1830.[22][24][25] Around 1850, in place of Bonnet's residence, at current 107A Puławska Street, was built Fanshawe Palace, which became the residence of the Fanshawe family.[26] In 1900, the palace was inherited by nobleman August Potocki, who, while never living there himself, had accommodated there the less wealthy members of his family.[25][27]

In 1840, Ksawer Pusłowski had built his residence in south Wierzbno, and a road near it, which forms current Ksawerów Street.[28] In 1849, he had bought Królikarnia palace.[20] Overtime, the area had developed into separate settlement, which was named, after its founder, Ksawery, and later, Ksawerów.[29]

In 1840, physician Ludwik Sauvan had opened in Wierzbno the hydrotherapy facility, which used the local water spring. It had operated until 1866.[30][31] After it was closed, Wierzbno had become a holiday village.[31][32]

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, located at the intersection of current Puławska Street and Dolna Street, in 1902. The building was destoryed in 1944.

In 1856, at the intersection of current Puławska Street and Dolna Street, was built the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, which originally belonged to the Roman Catholic Parish of St. Alexander, and since 1917, was a parish church, with its parish now forming the Roman Catholic Parish of Saint Michael the Archangel. It was the first church built within current boundaries of the district of Mokotów. The building was destroyed in 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising. In its place, between 1950 and 1966, was built the Church of Saint Michael the Archangel.[12][13]

In 1881, Wierzbno was connected with Warsaw via a horsebus line. In 1909, it was replaced by a tram line.[33]

The Fort M-Che in 1915.

In 1892, the Fort M-Che was built near Wierzbno, as part of the inner circle of the series of fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, build around Warsaw by the Russian Empire. In 1909, it was decided to decommission and demolish the fortifications of the Warsaw Fortress, due to the high costs of their maintenance, and as such the Fort M-Che was demilitarized and abandoned, and was later deconstructed in the 1920s.[34][35]

From 1867 to 1916, Wierzbno belonged to the gmina (municipality) of Mokotów. On 8 April 1916, Wierzbno, together with the rest of its municipality, were incorporated into the city of Warsaw.[36][37]

The major development of Wierzbno begun in the 1920s, and continued throughout 1930s, mostly in the area between current Independence Avenue and Puławska Street, where were built villas and single-family detached homes. In the area of Puławska Street were also built tenements. The development included only the eastern portion of the current City Information System area of Wierzbno, with the western portion remaining undeveloped until the 1960s.[38][39]

In 1931, in Wierzbno was opened the St. Anthony Hospital, operated by the institute of Sisters of Saint Elizabeth, located at 1 Goszczyńskiego Street. The building was destroyed during the Second World War, and rebuilt between 1946 and 1948. In 1949, it was nationalized.[40] In 1993, the legal ownership of the building was returned to the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth, with the agreement that the building would operate until 2003, as the state medical institution, with them ultimately regaining the facility in 2006.[41]

The Monument to the Fighting Mokotów of 1944 in Dreszer Park, dedicated to the Polish resistance fighters, who fought there in 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising. Photography made in 2019.

In 1938, in Wierzbno was opened the Dreszer Park, an urban park designed by Zygmunt Hellwig in the modernist style, and located between current Ursynowska Street, Puławska Street, Odyńca Street, and Krasickiego Street.[3][4] In 1944, during the Second World War, the park become a defensive point of the Polish resistance fighters of the Warsaw Uprising, mainly from the Baszta Battalion, who defended their position from German forces attacking from the north between 2 and 13 August 1944, and from the south, between 25 and 27 September 1944.[5][42] During the war the park was used as a provisional cemetery, both for the fallen Polish resistance fighters and the civilian casualties.[4] After the end of the conflict, the bodies were exhumated and relocated to the proper cemmentaries. The park was restored and reopened in 1951.[42]

The residential nieghbourhood of Wierzbno in the area near Joliot-Curie Street and Bukietowa Street, in the 1960s.

Between 1960 and 1975, in the western portion of the current City Information System area of Wierzbno, was built the residential nieghbourhood of Wierzbno, consisting of multifamily residential large panel system-buildings. It was one of the first neighbourhoods in Poland built using the large panel system technology. It was built between Wołoska Street, Woronicza Street, Independence Avenue, and Odyńca Street. Its designers were Zofia Fafiusowa, Jerzy Stanisławski, Kazimierz Stasiniewicz, and Andrzej Wochna.[43]

The large panel system-buildings of the neighbourhood of Skarpa Puławska, as seen from Puławska Street, in the 1960s.

Between 1965 and 1971, in the eastern portion of the current City Information System area of Wierzbno, was built the residential neighbourhood of Skarpa Puławska consisting of eight 13-storey multifamily residential large panel system-buildings, planed to house between 4 and 5 thousand people. It was build in an area between Puławska Street, Bielawska Street, Żywnego Street, and the Warsaw Escarpment. Skarpa Puławska was one of the first neighbourhoods in Poland built using the large panel system technology, and at the time of their construction, the buildings were the tallest buildings in the country, built in that technology.[44][45][46]

Between 1968 and 1970, at the current boundry of Wierzbno and Sielce, was built Arkadia Park, an urban park designed by Longin Majdecki, and located in an area between Puławska Street, Żywnego Street, Piaseczyńska Street, and Idzikowskiego Street. It is located next to the gardens of Królikarnia palace.[7]

On 7 April 1995, in the neighbourhood were opened Wierzbno, and Racławicka stations of the M1 line of the Warsaw Metro[9][10]

Location and administrative boundaries

Wierzbno is located in the city of Warsaw, Poland, within the central-western portion of the district of Mokotów, in the subregion of Upper Mokotów. It is a City Information System area. To the north, its border is determined by Racławicka Street, and Dolna Street; to the east, by the Warsaw Escarpment, and around the area of the Warszawianka sports complex; to the south, by Woronicza Street, and in the straight line going to the east from the end of the street, to the eastern boundry; and to the west, by Wołoska Street.[1]

It borders Old Mokotów to the north, Sielce to the east, Ksawerów to the south, Służewiec to the south-west, and Wyględów to the west.[1]

Municipal neighbourhood

Within the City Information System area of Wierzbno, is located the municipal neighbourhood of Wierzbno, which is governed by the neighbourhood council.[47][48]

To the north, its border is determined by Racławicka Street, Independence Avenue, and Ursynowska Street; to the east, by Puławska Street; to the south, by Woronicza Street; and to the west, by Wołoska Street.[47]

The neighbourhood government is divided into two organs, the neighbourhood council as the legislative body, and the neighbourhood management as the executive body. Its seat is located at 44A Woronicza Street. The municipal neighbourhood had been established on 17 July 2014.[47]

  1. ^ a b c "Obszary MSI. Dzielnica Mokotów". zdm.waw.pl (in Polish).
  2. ^ a b Lech Chmielewski: Przewodnik warszawski. Gawęda o nowej Warszawie. Warsaw: Agencja Omnipress. 1987. p. 83. ISBN 9788385028567. (in Polish).
  3. ^ a b c "Park Dreszera". eko.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
  4. ^ a b c Marian Gajewski: Urządzenia komunalne Warszawy. Zarys historyczny. Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1979, p. 352. ISBN 83-06-00089-7. (in Polish)
  5. ^ a b Lesław M. Bartelski: Mokotów. Warszawskie Termopile 1944. Warsaw: Fundacja Warszawa Walczy 1939-1945, 2004, p. 195-196. ISBN 83-11-09806-9. (in Polish)
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  9. ^ a b [http://www.ztm.waw.pl/download.php?z=56&i=56&l=1&m=11 Wszystko zaczęło się na Wilanowskiej – 20 lat metra]. In: iZTM, no. 4 (86). April 2015. Warsaw: Zarząd Transportu Miejskiego. p. 9-10. (in Polish)
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  12. ^ a b c Grzegorz Kalwarczyk: Przewodnik po parafiach i kościołach Archidiecezji Warszawskiej. vol 2: Parafie warszawskie. Warsaw: Oficyna Wydawniczo-Poligraficzna Adam, 2015, p. 424. ISBN 978-83-7821-118-1. (in Polish)
  13. ^ a b Andrzej J. Szymański: Historia warszawskiej parafii św. Michała (1853-2007). Warsaw. 2007. (in Polish)
  14. ^ Wykaz parafii w Polsce 2001 (według diecezji). Stan na 31.12.2001 r. Warsaw: Instytut Statystyki Kościoła Katolickiego SAC Apostolicum. 2001. p. 443. ISBN 9788370312701. (in Polish)
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  18. ^ "Misje dyplomatyczne, urzędy konsularne i organizacje międzynarodowe w Polsce". gov.pl (in Polish).
  19. ^ Józef Kazimierski, Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Żanna Kormanowa, Halina Rostowska: Dzieje Mokotowa. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972. p. 69. (in Polish)
  20. ^ a b c Stanisław Herbst: Mokotów od połowy XVII w. do 1939 r. In: Dzieje Mokotowa. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 48. (in Polish)
  21. ^ Wojciech Fijałkowski: Szlakiem warszawskich rezydencji i siedzib królewskich. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa PTTK Kraj, 1990, p. 82. ISBN 83-7005-191-X. (in Polish)
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  24. ^ Jerzy Majewski: Warszawa nieodbudowana. Królestwo Polskie w latach 1815–1840. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Veda, 2009, p. 72. ISBN 978-83-61932-00-0. (in Polish).
  25. ^ a b Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Andrzej Rottermund: Atlas architektury Warszawy. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Arkady, 1977, p. 185. (in Polish)
  26. ^ Marta Leśniakowska: Architektura w Warszawie. Warsaw: Arkada Pracownia Historii Sztuki, 2005, p. 214. ISBN 83-908950-1-3. (in Polish)
  27. ^ Jerzy Kasprzycki, Marian Stępień: Pożegnania warszawskie. Warsaw: Arkady, 1971, p. 144. (in Polish)
  28. ^ "Dworek Ksawerego Pusłowskiego w Warszawie". renewalart.pl (in Polish).
  29. ^ "Ksawery (1)". In: Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, vol. 4: Kęs – Kutno. Warsaw: Kasa im. Józefa Mianowskiego. 1883. p. 825. (in Polish)
  30. ^ Wojciech Fijałkowski: Zabytki dzielnicy Mokotów, ich przeszłość, współczesna funkcja i znaczenie. In: Dzieje Mokotowa. 1st edition. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972, p. 69. (in Polish).
  31. ^ a b "Wierzbno (1)". In: Geographical Dictionary of the Kingdom of Poland, vol. 13: Warmbrun – Worowo. Warsaw: Kasa im. Józefa Mianowskiego. 1893. p. 399. (in Polish)
  32. ^ "Wierzbno". ulicetwojegomiasta.pl (in Polish).
  33. ^ Józef Kazimierski, Ryszard Kołodziejczyk, Żanna Kormanowa, Halina Rostowska: Dzieje Mokotowa. Warsaw: Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1972. (in Polish)
  34. ^ Lech Królikowski: Twierdza Warszawa, Warsaw, 2002. (in Polish)
  35. ^ Wiesław Wróblewski (editor): Działania militarne na Mazowszu i w Polsce północno-wschodniej. Wasaw: Agencja Reklamowo-Wydawnicza Comandor. 2000. p. 256. ISBN 9788388329098. (in Polish)
  36. ^ Maria Nietyksza, Witold Pruss: Zmiany w układzie przestrzennym Warszawy. In: Irena Pietrza-Pawłowska (editor): Wielkomiejski rozwój Warszawy do 1918 r.. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Książka i Wiedza. 1973. p. 43. (in Polish)
  37. ^ Postanowienie z 17 [29] września 1866, ogłoszone 5 [17] stycznia 1867. 17 January 1867. In Dziennik Praw 1866 roku, vol. 66, no. 219. p. 276. Warsaw. 1867. (in Polish)
  38. ^ Lech Chmielewski: Przewodnik warszawski. Gawęda o nowej Warszawie. Warsaw: Agencja Omnipress. 1987. ISBN 9788385028567. (in Polish).
  39. ^ Ula Olczak (7 October 2022). "Wierzbno – mieszkania. Dlaczego warto zamieszkać w tej lokalizacji?". obido.pl (in Polish).
  40. ^ Agata Puścikowska: Siostry z powstania. Nieznane historie kobiet walczących o Warszawę. Warsaw: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak. 2020. ISBN 9788324061235. (in Polish)
  41. ^ Michał Wojtczuk (12 October 2013). "Zakonnice żądały od miasta 600 tys. zł. Niczego nie dostaną". warszawa.wyborcza.pl (in Polish).
  42. ^ a b Krzysztof Traczyński. Park Dreszera. In: Stolica, p. 20-21, July 2019. (in Polish)
  43. ^ Piotr Celej (2 September 2020). "Tak powstawało Wierzbno..." passa.waw.pl (in Polish).
  44. ^ B. Petrozolin-Skowrońska (editor): Encyklopedia Warszawy, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 1994, p. 783, ISBN 83-01-08836-2.
  45. ^ Z. Pawłowski: Technologia WUF. In: Architektura, no. 213–214 Warsaw: Stowarzyszenie Architektów Polskich. 1965. p. 324-329. ISSN 0003-8814. (in Polish)
  46. ^ K. Krzyżakowa, H. Ognik: Nagrody Ministra Budownictwa. In: Stolica, no. 39 (1216). Warsaw. 24 September 1967, p. 3, ISSN 0039-1689. (in Polish)
  47. ^ a b c "Osiedle Wierzbno". mokotow.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
  48. ^ "Osiedla". mokotow.um.warszawa.pl (in Polish).
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