User:노주/ Turpan Tomb Fuxi Nuwa Figurein China

The Tang Dynasty (618 ~ 907) Dimensions: longitudinal 184, upper width 85, bottom width 75 cm It was excavated in Astana, Xinjiang in 1965 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum Collection

Turpan Tomb Fuxi Nuwa Figure，（吐鲁番墓葬伏羲女娲图）. A class of paintings featuring the mythological figures Fuxi（伏羲） and Nuwa（女娲）, unearthed in Turpan, Xinjiang, China, are mostly painted on inverted trapezoid or rectangular silk or linen, nailed to the top of the tombs with wooden nails, with the picture facing down towards the tomb owner.It is made of silk and painted in white, red, yellow and black. It has the head of a human and the body of a snake. Fuxi holds the moment in his left hand and Nuwa holds the rule in his right hand. The two people embrace each other in the upper body and intertwine with each other in the lower body, which is the original god in Chinese legend.As the phenomenon of burying Fuxi and Nuwa diagrams prevailed from Qushi Gaochang in the 6th and 7th centuries AD to the Xizhou period of theTang Dynasty, it was forced to come to an end by the weekend year of Wu. The composition is peculiar, profound, full of artistic charm and mysterious color. This kind of image is found in many ancient tombs in Turpan area. Since the 20th century, a large number of Fuxi and Nuwa figures have been unearthed from tombs in Turpan, and have been collected in museums in many countries in the world, such as China, Japan, Korea and the United States.

Fuxi nuwa

Fuxi and [[Nuwa], both with heads and snake bodies, internecked and hugged each other. Nuwa held a moment in her right hand (a ruler for drawing squares) and a jade arm raised. Fuxi held a rule (a utensil for drawing circles). Around the sun and moon, the vast universe, star ring arch.

Fuxi and Nuwa are the ancestors of human beings in ancient Chinese mythology. According to legend, human beings were born from the marriage between Fuxi and Nuwa. Later, they prohibited the marriage between siblings and made wedding plans. It reflects the progress from the consanguineous marriage to the outmarriage in the original times of China.

A legendary tribal chieftain in ancient times. There is a saying that Fuxi means too much howling. In Tianshui City, Gansu Province, there are Guatai Mountain and Fuxi Temple. Every year, a very grand memorial ceremony is held for Fuxi, the ancestor of human beings.

Nuwa, the sister of Fuxi, was said to be Concubine Xiayu, daughter of Tushan. It is said that Nuwa used the loess to make people, and refined the five-colored stone to fill the sky, broke the turtle foot to support the four poles, cure the flood, kill the beast, so that the people can live in peace.

Fuxi culture originated in Gansu Province. He is believed to have created the eight diagrams and taught people to fish and hunt. He is the god of creation and the head of the three Kings. Nuwa came from Chu. According to the legend, she kneaded earth and made people with five-colored stones, known as the mother of the earth. They had nothing to do with each other until they were artificially tied together in the Han Dynasty and became dual gods.

Cultural background

Fuxi and nuwa legend originated from zhou dynasty roughly the warring states later period, to the western han dynasty and has been listed as the ancient holy king, fuxi nuwa brother and sister married to the tang dynasty the story of the human reproduction has been in the civil widely circulated, story mainly for days made man, heaven and earth, the benefit protection oh plot, is seen as a epoch-making, create the father of all things human.^[1]Nuwa was first found in Chu Ci·Tianwen(《楚辞·天河》） and Shanhai Jing·Dahuangxi Jing（《山海经·大荒西经》）. Fuxi's earliest records were found in Zhuangzi（《庄子》）, Yi Ci（《易·系辞》） and so on, which did not link the two.In Han Dynasty, the two became dual gods and unified as the head of the snake body, and then evolved into the image of benevolent gods and human beings.Fuxi, Nuwa and Shennong（神农） are called three emperors in Spring and Autumn Yundu Shu(《春秋运斗枢》), Huainanzi and Lu Shi(《路史》）, and Fu Xi and Nuwa are called "Tai ancient two emperors" in Huainanzi · Yuan Daoxun《淮南子·原道训》.A large number of statues of Fuxi Nuwa with heads and bodies of snakes are found in the stone portraits of Wuliang Temple in Jiaxiang, Shandong Province, Nanyang, Henan Province and Yixian County, Sichuan Province.^[1]

Gaochang, which is located in Turpan, is different from other countries in the Western regions. It is a country dominated by Han people, who account for 70-75% of the population of Gaochang. In the first year of Peace of the Northern Wei Dynasty (460), Rouran occupied Gaochang and supported Kan Bozhou(阚伯周) as king, and Gaochang was founded since then.^[2] After that, the state of Gaochang was ruled by the Han people of Zhang Clan, Ma Clan, and Qu Clan for more than 180 years. Among them, Qujia founded Qushi Gaochang, which lasted for more than a century since the beginning of the 6th century, and formed and developed its unique culture.^[3]

Fuxi nuwa religion with the arrival of the han immigrants has great influence on the gaochang, gaochang han honor ancestors, descendants of blessing, eager to be in a spiritual home, and was accepted by the other local people, therefore, in astana, hala and unearthed in the tomb complex of fuxi nuwa figure not only has the Chinese image, also has a high nose, deep eyes narrow lapels sleeve of the image in the conference semifinals.^[2]

Excavation and Collection

In the early 20th century, Mitsuri Otani, the 22nd Dharma master of the Jōdo Shinshū Temple in Pure Land, Japan, sent Otani expeditions to Central Asia and Xinjiang, China, three times to "Kobe" and steal a large number of cultural relics.The third expedition between 1910 and 1914 discovered 10 Fuxi and Nuwa figures from Turpan. The artifacts collected during the three expeditions were deposited mainly at Otani's villa, Niraku, outside Kobe, and partly at the Imperial Kyoto Museum (now the Kyoto National Museum).In May 1914, Ohtani Guanggrui for reasons of abdication, resign the French master, the collection was dispersed, part of the two music Zhuang sold to Kuyuan house help, and then Kuyuan was sent to the Korean Governor's house Museum, after the Japanese surrender to the National Museum of Korea, including 3 Fuxi Nuwa; Otani Guangrui settled in Dalian, Liaoning Province in 1915. Most of his collections were transported to Lushun until 1916 and then deposited in the Kandong Hall Museum. After the Japanese surrender, they were returned to the Lushun Museum. Another four Fuxi Nuwa drawings were collected by the University affiliated to the Seibenwuji Temple (now Ryukoku University) and are now housed in the university's Grand Palace Library [4], and the last one is housed in the Tenri University Sankōkan Museum.

Beginning in January 1915, British explorer Aurel Stein began excavating in Astana and obtained several Fuxi and Nuwa maps. From October 1959 to November 1960, the Eastern Xinjiang working group of the Xinjiang Museumexcavated Astana tombs in Turpan and discovered 20 to 30 Fuxi and Nuwa drawings in more than 40 tombs. Since then, cultural relics workers have carried out many excavations to the Astana-Hala and Zhuo Ancient tombs, and Fuxi and Nuwa figures have been unearthed one after another. Fuxi and Nuwa figures unearthed after 1959 have been collected in Xinjiang Museum, Turpan Museum, Palace Museum, National Museum of China and other places.

correlation

In 1983, a map of Fuxi and Nuwa collected by the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was used to illustrate the double helix structure of DNA on the front page of the pilot issue of the journal International Social Sciences of UNESCO.^[4][5]

Fuxi Nuwa Tu is one of three cultural relics from the Museum of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region to participate in the second season of the variety show National Treasure, which aired in 2019, with CCTV host Nigmaiti Reheman as the star guardian.^[6][7]

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