Urbanormativity
Urbanormativity is the general view of urban areas as normal and real, and rural areas as abnormal, unreal, or deviant.[1] The term is used in sociology, anthropology, cultural studies, and education to refer to the cultural dominance of urban institutions in complex societies.
In critical rural theory, scholars assume that cities rely on the resources, such as food, fuel, and raw materials, of rural communities in order to exist.[2] The reliance of urban populations on rural resources is referred to as urban dependency. As terms of exchange between urban settlements and rural communities tend to become unequal over time, urbanormativity develops over time as the culture of cities takes on a cultural power that outweighs that of the countryside. This culture serves to justify the continued exploitation of the rural through the promotion of urbanormative stereotypes that deprioritize, sentimentalize, or ignore rural places and people.[3]
In critical rural theory, “urban” refers to the cultural and economic dominance of metropolitan areas as a whole, and not specifically to cities. In this view, suburbs are considered to be politically distinct quarters of metropolitan areas that allow for resources to be retained within the suburb or for the exclusion of residents of other municipalities (such as school segregation) within a metropolitan area.[4] In contrast, residents of rural communities frequently suffer disadvantages in access to healthcare,[5][6] legal services,[7] and police protection.[8]
References
- ^ Thomas, AR; Lowe, BM; Fulkerson, GM; Smith, PJ (2011). Critical Rural Theory: Structure, Space, Culture. New York: Lexington. ISBN 978-0-7391-3560-0.
- ^ Thomas, AR; Fulkerson, GM (2019). "What Makes Urban Life Possible? On the Historical Evolution of Urban Rural Systems". Comparative Sociology. 18: 595–619. doi:10.1163/15691330-12341512. S2CID 214435744.
- ^ Seale, E; Mallinson, C (2018). Rural Voices: Language, Identity, and Social Change across Place. New York: Lexington. ISBN 978-1-4985-6073-3.
- ^ Thomas, AR (2017). "Urbanormativity and the Spatial Demography of Suburbia: A Response to Meyer and Graybill". Urban Geography. 38 (2): 164–69. doi:10.1080/02723638.2016.1250367. S2CID 151432120.
- ^ Pruit, LR; Vanegas, M (2015). "Urbanormativity, spatial privilege, and judicial blind spots in abortion law". Berkeley Journal of Gender, Law & Justice. 25: 76–153.
- ^ Statz, M; Evers, K (2020). "Spatial barriers as moral failings: What rural distance can teach us about women's health and medical mistrust author names and affiliations". Health & Place. 64: 102396. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102396. PMC 7391386. PMID 32739783.
- ^ Pruitt, LM (2013). Braverman, I; Blomley, N; Delaney, D (eds.). The rural lawscape: space tames law tames space. Stanford. pp. 190–214. ISBN 9780804797283.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Pruitt, LR (2013). "Place matters: domestic violence and rural difference". Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society. 23: 347–416.