U.S.–Canada Air Quality Agreement

The Air Quality Agreement is an environmental treaty between Canada and the United States.[1][2] It was signed on 13 March 1991 by Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney and American President George H. W. Bush and entered into force immediately.[3] It was popularly referred to during its negotiations as the "Acid Rain Treaty", especially in Canada. The treaty aimed at reducing toxic air pollutants primarily responsible for causing acid rain, such as Sulfur dioxide () and nitrogen oxide ().[4] Negotiations began in 1986 when Mulroney first discussed the issue with then-president Reagan. Mulroney repeatedly pressed the issue in public meetings with Reagan in 1987[5] and 1988[6]

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada, hereinafter referred to as "the Parties",

Convinced that transboundary air pollution can cause significant harm to natural resources of vital environmental, cultural and economic importance, and to human health in both countries; Desiring that emissions of air pollutants from sources within their countries not result in significant transboundary air pollution; Convinced that transboundary air pollution can effectively be reduced through cooperative or coordinated action providing for controlling emissions of air pollutants in both countries; Recalling the efforts they have made to control air pollution and the improved air quality that has resulted from such efforts in both countries; Intending to address air-related issues of a global nature, such as climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion, in other fora; Reaffirming Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration, which provides that "States have, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations and the principles of international law, the sovereign right to exploit their own resources pursuant to their own environmental policies, and the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of other States or of areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction";

Noting their tradition of environmental cooperation as reflected in the Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909, the Trail Smelter Arbitration of 1941, the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978, as amended, the Memorandum of Intent Concerning Transboundary Air Pollution of 1980, the 1986 Joint Report of the Special Envoys on Acid Rain, as well as the ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution of 1979;

Convinced that a healthy environment is essential to assure the well-being of present and future generations in Canada and the United States, as well as of the global community;

Have agreed as follows: ...[7][8]

References

  1. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (7 September 2005). "Transboundary air: Canada-US air quality agreement". Government of Canada. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  2. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (27 February 2015). "Canada-US air quality agreement". Government of Canada. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
  3. ^ "Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Air Quality". Canada Treaty Information. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  4. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (25 January 2005). "Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement: overview". Government of Canada. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
  5. ^ Cannon, Lou; Denton, Herbert H. (5 April 1987). "Mulroney Presses Reagan; Canadian Wants Acid Rain Treaty". The Washington Post. p. A15. ProQuest 306886744.
  6. ^ Shabecoff, Philip (29 April 1988). "Canada Sees Acid-Rain Talks". The New York Times. Canada; United States. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
  7. ^ "Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Canada on Air Quality". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from the original on 16 January 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
  8. ^ "Agreement Between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States of America on Air Quality". International Joint Commission. Archived from the original on 22 November 2003. Retrieved 4 July 2016.
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