Tutong people

Tutong
Puak Tutong
Tutong fishermen in 2023.
Total population
16,958[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Brunei
Tutong District10,974[1]
Languages
Tutong, Malay (Brunei Malay)
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Belait

The Tutong people are an ethnic group native to Brunei, mainly in Tutong District. They traditionally speak the Tutong language. They are officially recognised as one of the seven ethnic groups of the Bruneian Malay race (jati Melayu).[2]

Names

In Malay, the official language of Brunei, they are called puak Tutong. The endonym is Bunu Tutong in Tutong language.[3] The Dusun people, another indigenous ethnic group in Brunei, called the Tutong people Sang Keluyoh.[4]

Origin

The origin of the Tutong people is unclear.[5] According to an oral tradition, they are descended from a Murut named Tutong who had helped the people of Lurah Saban, a village on the banks of the Tutong River, against headhunting by the Kayan people.[6][1] The river itself is believed to have been named after him in honour of his heroic action.[6] Also, the people whom he had helped eventually considered themselves the followers of Tutong.[1]

Another oral tradition states that they are descended from someone named Si Letong who had migrated from Sulawesi, Indonesia.[7] It was believed that he initially settled in Kampong Telisai[a] and married a local who was a member of the Dusun tribe.[7] It was said that he did not favour living there due to the noise from the sea waves, hence he decided to resettled away from the coast.[7] The river in the new settlement where he lived was eventually named after him, hence the name the Tutong River.[7]

Researchers on the linguistics of Tutong language hypothesise that the Tutong people might have originated from Lower Baram (Baram Hilir),[8] a region near the mouth of the Baram River in Sarawak, Malaysia. This is based on the cumulative researches which demonstrate the linguistic similarity between the language and Miri language,[9] the language of the people native to the region.

Language

The Tutong people are the traditional speakers of the Tutong language (Basa' Tutong), an Austronesian language. It is considered endangered.[10] Notable initiatives to revitalise the language include the publication of a bilingual dictionary between Tutong and Malay by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, the Bruneian language authority, and the introduction of Tutong as a language subject in the national university Universiti Brunei Darussalam.[11]

Population

The population is recorded to be 16,958 in Brunei.[1] Majority is in Tutong District at 64.7%, followed by Brunei-Muara District at 24.5%, Belait District at 10.5% and Temburong District at 0.2%.[1]

Religion

The Tutong people are entirely Muslims.[citation needed] However, in the past, they had practiced animism.[12] The exact point in time when they converted to Islam is not known, however it is thought to be related to the migration of the Muslims from Brunei proper and Sarawak and their marriage with the Tutong locals sometime in the 18th and 19th centuries.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ presently a coastal village in Tutong District

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f Mohd Shahrol Amira 2016, p. 90.
  2. ^ Brunei Darussalam In Brief (PDF). Information Department. 2013. p. 46. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  3. ^ Haji Ramlee 2009, p. 19.
  4. ^ Haji Abdul Karim 2004, p. 5.
  5. ^ Haji Ramlee 2009, p. 2.
  6. ^ a b Haji Abdul Karim 2004, p. 2.
  7. ^ a b c d Haji Abdul Karim 2004, p. 3.
  8. ^ Haji Ramlee 2009, p. 5.
  9. ^ Haji Ramlee 2009, p. 4.
  10. ^ McLellan 2014, p. 17.
  11. ^ McLellan 2014, p. 18.
  12. ^ a b Haji Abdul Karim 2004, p. 12.

References

  • Haji Abdul Karim bin Haji Abdul Rahman (2004). "Puak Tutong: Sejarah dan Perkembangan Awal Sosiobudaya". Puak Tutong: Sejarah dan Perkembangan Awal Sosiobudaya (in Malay). Bandar Seri Begawan: Pusat Sejarah Brunei. pp. 1–18. OCLC 1130272106.
  • Haji Ramlee Tunggal (2009). Struktur Bahasa Tutong (in Malay). Berakas: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei. ISBN 9991704264. OCLC 1223363153.
  • McLellan, James (2014). "Strategies for revitalizing endangered Borneo languages: A comparison between Negara Brunei Darussalam and Sarawak, Malaysia" (PDF). Southeast Asia. 14: 14–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  • Mohd Shahrol Amira bin Abdullah (2016). "Being 'Malay' in modern Brunei". In Ooi Keat Gin (ed.). Brunei — History, Islam, Society and Contemporary Issues. Routledge. pp. 81–99. ISBN 9781138787650. OCLC 939548670.


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