Timeline of geometry

The following is a timeline of key developments of geometry:

Before 1000 BC

1st millennium BC

1st millennium

  • ca. 340 – Pappus of Alexandria states his hexagon theorem and his centroid theorem
  • 500 – Aryabhata writes the "Aryabhata-Siddhanta", which first introduces the trigonometric functions and methods of calculating their approximate numerical values. It defines the concepts of sine and cosine, and also contains the earliest tables of sine and cosine values (in 3.75-degree intervals from 0 to 90 degrees)
  • 7th century – Bhaskara I gives a rational approximation of the sine function
  • 8th century – Virasena gives explicit rules for the Fibonacci sequence, gives the derivation of the volume of a frustum using an infinite procedure.
  • 8th century – Shridhara gives the rule for finding the volume of a sphere and also the formula for solving quadratic equations
  • 820 – Al-Mahani conceived the idea of reducing geometrical problems such as doubling the cube to problems in algebra.
  • ca. 900 – Abu Kamil of Egypt had begun to understand what we would write in symbols as
  • 975 – Al-Batani – Extended the Indian concepts of sine and cosine to other trigonometrical ratios, like tangent, secant and their inverse functions. Derived the formula: and .

1000–1500

17th century

18th century

19th century

20th century

21st century

See also

References

  1. ^ Jones, Alexander; Proust, Christine (eds.). "Before Pythagoras: The Culture of Old Babylonian Mathematics". Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York University. Retrieved 4 April 2023.
  2. ^ Arabic mathematics, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, Scotland
  3. ^ Thomson, Elizabeth A. (18 March 2007). "Math research team maps E8: Calculation on paper would cover Manhattan". MIT News. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
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