Timeline of Qom

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.

Prior to 20th century

Part of a series on the
History of Iran
Prehistoric period
BCE / BC
Baradostian culture c. 36,000–18,000
Zarzian culture c. 20,000–10,000
Shulaveri–Shomu culture c. 6000–5000
Zayandeh River Culture c. 6th millennium
Dalma culture c. 5th millennium
Ancient period
Kura–Araxes culture 3400–2000
Proto-Elamite 3200–2700
Jiroft culture c. 3100–2200
Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua c. 3100-675
Elam 2700–539
Marhaši c. 2550-2020
Oxus Civilization c. 2400–1700
Akkadian Empire 2400–2150
Kassites c. 1500–1155
Avestan period c. 1500–500
Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609
Urartu 860–590
Mannaea 850–616
Zikirti 750-521
Saparda 720-670
Imperial period
Median Empire 678–550 BC
Scythian Kingdom 652–625 BC
Anshanite Kingdom 635 BC–550 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC
Sogdia c. 6th century BC–11th century AD
Achaemenid Empire 550 BC–330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC–428 AD
Atropatene c. 323 BC–226 AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia 320s BC–17 AD
Seleucid Empire 312 BC–63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus 281 BC–62 BC
Fratarakas 3rd-century BC–132 BC
Parthian Empire 247 BC–224 AD
Elymais 147 BC–224 AD
Characene 141 BC–222 AD
Kings of Persis 132 BC–224 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom 19 AD–224/5
Paratarajas 125–300
Sasanian Empire 224–651
Zarmihrids 6th century–785
Qarinvandids 550s–11th century
Medieval period
CE / AD
Rashidun Caliphate 632-661
Umayyad Caliphate 661–750
Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258
Dabuyids 642–760
Bavandids 651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand 651–760
Baduspanids 665–1598
Justanids 791 – 11th century
Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century
Tahirid dynasty 821–873
Samanid Empire 819–999
Saffarid dynasty 861–1003
Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1215
Sajid dynasty 889–929
Sallarid dynasty 919–1062
Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090
Ilyasids 932–968
Buyid dynasty 934–1062
Rawadid dynasty 955–1070
Hasanwayhids 959–1095
Ghaznavid dynasty 977–1186
Annazids 990/1–1117
Kakuyids 1008–1141
Nasrid dynasty 1029–1236
Shabankara 1030–1355
Seljuk Empire 1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty 1077–1231
Eldiguzids 1135–1225
Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319
Salghurids 1148–1282
Hazaraspids 1155–1424
Pishkinid dynasty 1155–1231
Khorshidi dynasty 1184-1597
Qutlugh-Khanids 1223-1306
Mihrabanids 1236–1537
Kurt dynasty 1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357
Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393
Jalayirid Sultanate 1337–1376
Sarbadars 1337–1376
Injuids 1335–1357
Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504
Mar'ashis 1359–1596
Timurid Empire 1370–1507
Kar-Kiya dynasty 1370s–1592
Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468
Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period
Safavid Iran 1501–1736
(Hotak dynasty) 1722–1729
Afsharid Iran 1736–1796
Zand dynasty 1751–1794
Modern period
Qajar Iran 1789–1925
Pahlavi Iran 1925–1979
Contemporary period
Iranian Revolution 1979
Interim Government 1979
Islamic Republic 1979–present
Related articles
Timeline
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  • 685 - Arab Shia refugees settle in Qom.[1]
  • 804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."[2]
  • 816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia faith); shrine develops thereafter.[1]
  • 825 - Qom "attacked."[1]
  • 988 - Hasan ibn Muhammad Qumi writes Tarikh-i Qum (city history).[3]
  • 1050s - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).[4]
  • 1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
  • 1393 - Timur in power.[5]
  • 1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.[2]
  • 1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.[5]
  • 1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.[5]
  • 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).[6]
  • 1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.[1]
  • 1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.[2]

20th century

  • 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).[7]
  • 1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
  • 1923 - Printing press in operation.[8]
  • 1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).[9]
  • 1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).[10]
  • 1963
  • 1966 - Population: 134,292.[2]
  • 1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
  • 1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"[2]
  • 1976 - Population: 246,831.[9]
  • 1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.[2]
  • 1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).[11]
  • 1996
    • Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage established.[8]
    • Population: 777,677.[12]
  • 1999 - February: Local election held.[13]

21st century

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Stanley 2008.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Calmard 1980.
  3. ^ Drechsler 2005.
  4. ^ Daftary, Farhad (2011). The Ismā'īlīs: their history and doctrines (2 ed.). Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780521850841.
  5. ^ a b c Drechsler 2009.
  6. ^ Massumeh Farhad. "Qum". Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 13 February 2017
  7. ^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust. Kom
  8. ^ a b J.T.P. de Bruijn, ed. (2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature. History of Persian Literature. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
  9. ^ a b Barthold 1984.
  10. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161. Ghom
  11. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
  13. ^ "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
  14. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

  • George Nathaniel Curzon (1892). "(Kum)". Persia and the Persian Question. Vol. 2. London. pp. 6–12. hdl:2027/hvd.32044022702278.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Albert Houtum-Schindler (1897). "Province of Kom". Eastern Persian Irak. London: J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society. pp. 56+. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000658461.
  • "Kum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 945.
  • C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Qum". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
  • Laurence Lockhart (1960). Persian Cities. London. pp. 127–131. OCLC 1370385.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Jean Calmard (1980). "Kum". In C. Edmund Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 369–372. via Google Books
  • W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
  • Ernst Hunziker (April 1994). "Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs". Swiss Review of World Affairs. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. ISSN 0039-7490.
  • Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Qom", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 600+, ISBN 9781884964039
  • Andreas Drechsler (2005). "Tāriḵ-e Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica. (About city history written in 10th century)
  • Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Qom", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, pp. 301+, ISBN 9781576079195
  • Andreas Drechsler (2009). "Qom: History to the Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes bibliography)
  • Graeme Wood (2010), "Among the Mullahs", The Atlantic, US
  • Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica.

in other languages

  • António Baião (1923). Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra (in Portuguese). Coimbra – via Digital Library of India.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Includes information about Qom)
  • Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī (1934). Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī (ed.). Tarikh-i Qumm (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 54247737.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Written in 10th century in Arabic)
  • Fredy Bemont (1969). Les Villes de l'Iran (in French). Paris. pp. 179–182. OCLC 489929494.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i (1971), Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 (in Persian), Qom, OCLC 21745342{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Marcel Bazin (1973). "Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional". Revue Géographique de l'Est (in French). 13 (1–2). ISSN 0035-3213 – via Persée. Free access icon
  • M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān [Monuments and buildings of Qom], 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
  • Andreas Drechsler (1999), Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ISBN 3879972761 – via Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt [de] Menadoc [de]
  • Djamileh Zia (2011). "Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l'Iran". La Revue de Téhéran (in French) (72).

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qom.
  • Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Qom". Bibliographia Iranica. US: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
  • Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
  • "(Qom)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran
  • "(Qom)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century
  • Items related to Qom, various dates (via Europeana)
  • Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)
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