Timeline of Kraków

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.

Prior to 16th century

Part of a series on the
History of Poland
Topics
Prehistory and protohistory
Middle Ages
Piast period10th century–1385
Jagiellonian period1385–1572
Early Modern
Early elective monarchy1572–1648
Deluge and decline1648–1764
Three partitions1764–1795
Modern
Partitioned Poland1795–1918
World War I1914–1918
Second Republic1918–1939
World War II1939–1945
Communist Poland1945–1989
Contemporary
Third Republic1989–present

Timeline of Polish history

  • 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
  • 1038 - Capital of Poland relocated from Gniezno/Poznań to Kraków.
  • 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec [pl] established in Tyniec near Kraków.[2]
  • 1079 - Capital of Poland relocated from Kraków to Płock.
  • 1138
    • Capital of Poland relocated from Płock back to Kraków.
    • Kraków becomes the capital of the newly formed Seniorate Province.
  • 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
  • 1241 - Kraków sacked by Mongol forces during the first Mongol invasion of Poland.[3]
  • 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of Lokacja Krakowa [pl].[3]
  • 1290 - Town captured by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.[4]
  • 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
  • 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[5]
  • 1315 - 27 June: Polish-Danish-Norwegian-Swedish alliance concluded in Kraków.[6]
  • 1320
    • 20 January: Coronation of Władysław I Łokietek as King of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral, as the first Polish king to be crowned in Kraków.[7]
    • Kraków becomes the official coronation site for the kings of Poland.[7]
  • 1333
    • Burial of Władysław I Łokietek in the Wawel Cathedral as the first Polish king to be buried there.[7]
    • Wawel Cathedral becomes the official burial site for the kings of Poland.[7]
  • 1364
  • 1384 - 16 October: Royal coronation of Queen Jadwiga of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[9]
  • 1386
    • 15 February: Baptism of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
    • 18 February: Royal wedding of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland.[10]
    • 4 March: Royal coronation of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
  • 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[11]
  • 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[8]
  • 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
  • 1399 - Burial of Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Princess Elizabeth Bonifacia in the Wawel Cathedral.[12]
  • 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[13]
  • 1417 - Royal coronation of Elizabeth Granowska as Queen consort of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[14]
  • 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
  • 1443 - Earthquake, which caused damage to the Saint Catherine Church.[15]
  • 1491

16th to 18th centuries

Kraków in the early 17th century
Siege of Kraków by Swedish forces, October 1655
Kraków in the late 18th century

19th century

Building of the Kościuszko Mound (painting by Teodor Baltazar Stachowicz)

20th century

1900–1939

Funeral of Polish poet Stanisław Wyspiański in 1907

World War II (1939–1945)

Parade of German police and SS in German-occupied Kraków in October 1940
  • 1939
    • 6 September: German forces enter city.
    • 12 September: The Einsatzgruppe zbV entered the city.[35]
    • 12 September: Execution of 10 Jews by the Germans.[36]
    • September: Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war established by the Germans.[37]
    • September: Organizacja Orła Białego underground Polish resistance organization founded.[38]
    • 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
    • 6 November: 183 Polish professors and lecturers arrested by the Germans during Sonderaktion Krakau.
    • 9–10 November: Mass arrests of 120 Poles, incl. teachers, students and judges, during the Intelligenzaktion.[39]
  • 1939–1940 - Massacres of over 1,700 Poles at Fort 49 of the Kraków Fortress and the adjacent forest.[40]
  • 1940
    • 30 March: Mass arrests of Poles during the AB-Aktion.[39]
    • July: Dulag camp dissolved.[37]
  • 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
  • 1942
  • 1943 - March: Liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto.
  • 1944
    • 22 July: Baudienst forced labour camp dissolved.
    • 6 August: Stalag 369 camp dissolved.
    • Deportations of Poles by the occupiers from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków to Kraków during and following the Warsaw Uprising.[42]
  • 1945
    • January: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp evacuated by the occupiers and dissolved.
    • January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]

1945–2000

Kraków Old Town in 1958
Kraków Old Town

21st century

Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków

See also

References

  1. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d Hourihane 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lerski 1996.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
  5. ^ Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
  6. ^ "Wydarzenia z kalendarza historycznego: 27 czerwca 1315". chronologia.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  7. ^ a b c d "700. rocznica koronacji Łokietka na króla Polski". Kraków.pl (in Polish). 19 January 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  8. ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1911.
  9. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1384". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  10. ^ a b c "Kalendarz dat: 1386". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  11. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
  12. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1399". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  13. ^ "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015.
  14. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1417". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  15. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1443". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  16. ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
  17. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 – via HathiTrust.
  18. ^ "Dzień Łącznościowca". Muzeum Poczty i Telekomunikacji we Wrocławiu (in Polish). 18 October 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  19. ^ Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 52. ISSN 1428-8982.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g Haydn 1910.
  21. ^ a b Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 26–27.
  22. ^ a b "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  23. ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
  24. ^ "Chopin w Krakowie i osobiste po nim pamiątki..." Interia (in Polish). 18 February 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
  25. ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
  26. ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung. Größere Städte ... in Galizien
  27. ^ Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Library History. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824057879.
  28. ^ Rostafiński 1891.
  29. ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550.
  30. ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
  31. ^ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
  32. ^ "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
  33. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
  34. ^ a b c "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  35. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 59.
  36. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 124.
  37. ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 524. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
  38. ^ Płuta-Czachowski, Kazimierz (1987). Organizacja Orła Białego (in Polish). Warszawa: PAX. pp. 76–77.
  39. ^ a b Wardzyńska 2009, p. 256.
  40. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 269.
  41. ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 69.
  42. ^ "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  43. ^ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
  44. ^ a b c "W 60. rocznicę rewolucji i walki o wolność na Węgrzech w 1956 roku". Kraków.pl (in Polish). 9 December 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  45. ^ Ring 1995.
  46. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  47. ^ a b Hughes 2003.
  48. ^ Steven Saxonberg & Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology. 50 (3): 433–451. doi:10.2307/20174469. JSTOR 20174469. S2CID 161654860.
  49. ^ "Królewskie otwarcie konsulatu". Kraków Nasze Miasto (in Polish). 21 November 2001. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  50. ^ "Poświęcenie pierwszego w Polsce chaczkaru". Polish History Museum (in Polish). 3 October 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
  51. ^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  52. ^ a b c "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
  53. ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. Review Tables: Cities
  54. ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  55. ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Peru w Krakowie". FaktyKrakowa.pl (in Polish). 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2022.

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in 18th-19th centuries

  • William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
  • Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
  • John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
  • David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Vol. 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068302770.
  • Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
  • William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
  • George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
  • David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030647005
  • Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy [Guide to Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555

Published in 20th century

  • "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
  • "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 – via Google Books.
  • "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • "Cracow" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 359–360.
  • Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
  • "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
  • Leonard Lepszy [in Polish] (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. Unwin
  • K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
  • Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
  • George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.

Published in 21st century

  • Howard Hughes; et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management. 5 (3): 12–23. JSTOR 41064794.
  • Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN.
  • Laurențiu Rădvan [in Romanian] (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
  • Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kraków.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_Kraków&oldid=1216944957"