Template:War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) infobox

War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
Part of the Global War on Terrorism and the Afghan conflict
Seven soldiers in beige tactical gear huddle behind a row of green sandbags on a mountainside, pointing rifles in various directions
A U.S. Air Force F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000-pound munitions
An Afghan National Army soldier in camouflage gear points a rifle over a dirt wall
British soldiers prepare to board a Chinook twin-rotor helicopter landing on a field
An Afghan National Army soldier stands atop a desert-camouflaged Humvee
Taliban soldiers ride a beige Humvee through the streets of Kabul
Soldiers in green camouflage gear trudge through snow during a snowstorm

Clockwise from top-left:
American troops in a firefight with Taliban insurgents in Kunar Province; An American F-15E Strike Eagle dropping 2000 pound JDAMs on a cave in eastern Afghanistan; an Afghan soldier surveying atop a Humvee; Afghan and American soldiers move through snow in Logar Province; victorious Taliban fighters after securing Kabul; an Afghan soldier surveying a valley in Parwan Province; British troops preparing to board a Chinook during Operation Black Prince
Date7 October 2001 – 30 August 2021
(19 years, 10 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)
First phase: 7 October 2001 – 28 December 2014
Second phase: 1 January 2015 – 30 August 2021[34][35]
Location
Afghanistan[a]
Result Taliban victory[36]
First phase:
Second phase:
Territorial
changes		 Taliban control over Afghanistan increases compared to pre-intervention territory
Belligerents

Invasion (2001):
 Northern Alliance
 United States
 United Kingdom
 Canada

 Germany[1]
 Australia
 Italy
 New Zealand[2]
 Iran		 Invasion (2001):
 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan[3]
 Al-Qaeda
 055 Brigade[4][5]
ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):
 Islamic State of Afghanistan (2001–2002)
 Afghan Transitional Authority (2002–2004)
 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004–2021)
 ISAF (2001–2014; 51 countries)[6]
 Resolute Support (2015–2021; 36 countries)[7]
High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (allegedly; from 2015)[8][9]
Khost Protection Force and other pro-government paramilitaries[10]		 ISAF/RS phase (2001–2021):
 Taliban
 Al-Qaeda
Supported by:
Taliban splinter groups

RS phase (2015–2021):

ISIL–KP (from 2015)[32]
  • Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (since 2015)[33]
Commanders and leaders
List
List
Strength

ISAF: 130,000+ (Peak Strength)[42]

Afghan National Defense and Security Forces: 307,947 (Peak Strength, January 2021)[43]

Resolute Support Mission: 17,178 (Peak Strength, October 2019)[44]

Defence Contractors: 117,227 (Peak Strength, Q2 2012)[45]

High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: 3,000–3,500[46]

Khost Protection Force: 3,000-10,000 (2018)[47]

Afghanistan Taliban: 58,000-100,000
(As of February 2021)[48]

HIG: 1,500–2,000+ (2014)[52]
al-Qaeda: ~300 in 2016[53][54][55] (~ 3,000 in 2001)[53]

Fidai Mahaz: 8,000 (2013)[39]

Islamic State ISIL–KP: 3,500–4,000 (2018, in Afghanistan)[56]
Casualties and losses

Afghan security forces:
66,000–69,095 killed[57][58]
Northern Alliance:
200 killed[59][60][61][62][63]

Coalition:
Dead: 3,579

Wounded: 23,536

  • United States: 20,713[65]
  • United Kingdom: 2,188[66]
  • Canada: 635[67]

Contractors
Dead: 3,917[58][68][69]
Wounded: 15,000+[68][69]

Total killed: 76,591

Taliban insurgents:
52,893 killed[58] (2,000+ al-Qaeda fighters)[53]

ISIL–KP:
2,400+ killed[32]

Civilians killed: 46,319[58]

Total killed: 176,206 (per Brown University)[70]
212,191+ (per UCDP)[71]

a The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of November 2014.[72]

b The continued list includes nations who have contributed fewer than 200 troops as of May 2017.[73]

References

  1. ^ Bordering areas of Pakistan were also affected (War in North-West Pakistan), and was considered for some time to be a single theater of operations by the United States (AfPak)
  1. ^ "Operation Enduring Freedom Fast Facts". CNN. Retrieved 11 July 2017.
  2. ^ Crosby, Ron (2009). NZSAS: The First Fifty Years. Viking. ISBN 978-0-67-007424-2.
  3. ^ "News – Resolute Support Mission". Retrieved 4 October 2015.
  4. ^ "The elite force who are ready to die". The Guardian. 27 October 2001.
  5. ^ Neville, Leigh, Special Forces in the War on Terror (General Military), Osprey Publishing, 2015 ISBN 978-1472807908, p.48
  6. ^ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)".
  7. ^ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF).
  8. ^ Multiple Sources:
    • Rod Nordland; Jawad Sukhanyar; Taimoor Shah (19 June 2017). "Afghan Government Quietly Aids Breakaway Taliban Faction". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
    • Donati, Jessica; Totakhil, Habib Khan (23 May 2016). "Afghan Government Secretly Fosters Taliban Splinter Groups". Wall Street Journal.
    • "Taliban splinter group declares open-ended truce with Kabul". Stars and Stripes. 10 June 2018.
    • "Prayer ceremony for Taliban faction's deputy held at Herat Grand Mosque | Ariana News". ariananews.af. 17 May 2021. The group had recently aligned itself with the government, and fighters were sent to Niazi as part of an uprising force to secure a number of Herat districts.
  9. ^ a b "Local Officials Criticized for Silence on Shindand Strike". TOLOnews. 11 January 2020.
  10. ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cia-backed-afghan-militias-fight-a-shadow-war/2015/12/02/fe5a0526-913f-11e5-befa-99ceebcbb272_story.html
  11. ^ The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda, The Long War Journal, 31 July 2015
  12. ^ Hardaha, Rashi (2021-07-24). "Al-Qaeda operates under Taliban protection: UN report". www.indiatvnews.com. Retrieved 2021-09-14.
  13. ^ "Taliban storm Kunduz city". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
  14. ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.
  15. ^ "Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?". VOA News. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
  16. ^ "ISIS 'Outsources' Terror Attacks to the Pakistani Taliban in Afghanistan: U.N. Report". Newsweek. 15 August 2017.
  17. ^ Multiple Sources:
    • "Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban". NBC News. 9 May 2010.
    • Tabatabai, Ariane M. (9 August 2019). "Iran's cooperation with the Taliban could affect talks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan". The Washington Post.
    • "Iran denies Taliban were paid bounties to target US troops". AP NEWS. 18 August 2020.
  18. ^ Patrikarakos, David (25 August 2021). "Iran is an immediate winner of the Taliban takeover | The Spectator". www.spectator.co.uk.
  19. ^ Multiple Sources:
    • Salahuddin, Syed (27 May 2018). "Iran funding Taliban to affect US military presence in Afghanistan, say police and lawmakers". Arab News.
    • Siddique, Abubakar; Shayan, Noorullah (31 July 2017). "Mounting Afghan Ire Over Iran's Support For Taliban". RFE/RL.
  20. ^ Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020). "Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks". The Diplomat.
  21. ^ Farmer, Ben (26 August 2020). "Pakistan urges Taliban to get on with Afghan government talks". The National.
  22. ^ Multiple Sources:
    • Martinez, Luis (10 July 2020). "Top Pentagon officials say Russian bounty program not corroborated". ABC News.
    • Loyd, Anthony (October 16, 2017). "Russia funds Taliban in war against Nato forces". The Times. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  23. ^ Noorzai, Roshan; Sahinkaya, Ezel; Gul Sarwan, Rahim (3 July 2020). "Afghan Lawmakers: Russian Support to Taliban No Secret". VOA.
  24. ^ "Russian ambassador denies Moscow supporting Taliban". Reuters. 25 April 2016.
  25. ^ "Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government". The New York Times. 12 June 2016.
  26. ^ Ramani, Samuel (7 September 2017). "What's Behind Saudi Arabia's Turn Away From the Taliban?". thediplomat.com.
  27. ^ "Qatar's Dirty Hands". National Review. 3 August 2017.
  28. ^ "Saudi has evidence Qatar supports Taliban: Envoy". Pajhwok Afghan News. 7 August 2017.
  29. ^ "China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports". Deutsche Welle. 31 December 2020.
  30. ^ Gittleson, Ben (1 January 2021). "US investigating unconfirmed intel that China offered bounties on American troops". ABC7 San Francisco. A spokesperson for China's foreign ministry, Wang Wenbin, on Thursday denied the accusation, calling it a "smear and slander against China" that was "completely nonsense" and "fake news."
  31. ^ Rod Nordland (19 May 2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  32. ^ a b Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017). "Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan". VOA News. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
  33. ^ "A look at the Islamic State affiliate's rise in Afghanistan". AP NEWS. 19 August 2019.
  34. ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas; Katzenberg, Lauren (2021-08-30). "The U.S. military finishes its evacuation, and an era ends in Afghanistan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-30.
  35. ^ Last troops exit Afghanistan, ending America's longest war August 30, 2021. AP News.
  36. ^ Multiple sources:
    • Effie Pedaliu (16 August 2021). "The Taliban's victory proves the West has failed to learn the lessons of the past". LSE EUROPP. London School of Economics. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Barry, Ben (19 August 2021). "Understanding the Taliban's military victory". International Institute for Strategic Studies. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Saeed, Saim; Olivier, Christian (18 August 2021). "Taliban victory in Afghanistan spells trouble for the neighbors". Politico Europe. Politico and Axel Springer AG. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Willis, Halley; Triebert, Christiaan; Hill, Evan; Smith, Brenna; Khavin, Dmitrity (16 August 2021). "What Scenes From the Taliban's Victory in Afghanistan Reveal". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Holleis, Jennifer; Hussein, Mehyeddin (18 August 2021). "Taliban victory: A likely boost for Islamist extremists in the Middle East". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Coffey, David (19 August 2021). "Does the Taliban victory in Afghanistan mean the end of US global clout?". Radio France Internationale. Government of France through France Médias Monde. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • England, Andrew; Warrell, Helen; Manson, Katrina; Kazmin, Amy (18 August 2021). "Taliban victory sparks concerns al-Qaeda could regroup". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Mudassir, Malik (16 August 2021). "Afghanistan: Life in Kabul after the Taliban victory". BBC. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Massaro, Chris (17 August 2021). "With Taliban victory, Afghanistan could become the 'second school of jihadism'". Fox News. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
    • Tharoor, Ishaan (18 August 2021). "Pakistan's hand in the Taliban's victory". The Washington Post. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  37. ^ Khan, Tahir (16 May 2021). "Rebel Taliban leader dies of injuries days after attack". Daily Times.
  38. ^ "'Afghan Taliban leader Mullah Omar is dead'". The Express Tribune. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  39. ^ a b "Mullah Najibullah: Too Radical for the Taliban". Newsweek. 30 August 2013. Retrieved 22 August 2015.
  40. ^ "Who Is the New Leader of Islamic State-Khorasan Province?". Lawfare. September 2, 2020.
  41. ^ Shalizi, Hamid (April 7, 2018). "Afghan air strike kills Islamic State commander" – via www.reuters.com.
  42. ^ "ISAF's mission in Afghanistan (2001-2014)". NATO. May 30, 2022. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  43. ^ "July 30, 2021 Quarterly Report to Congress" (PDF). Sigar. 30 July 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2023.
  44. ^ "NATO AND AFGHANISTAN RSM Placemats Archive". NATO. Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  45. ^ Peters, Heidi (February 22, 2021). "Department of Defense Contractor and Troop Levels in Afghanistan and Iraq: 2007-2020" (PDF). Retrieved July 17, 2023.
  46. ^ Matthew DuPée (January 2018). "Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence". Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 18 February 2018.
  47. ^ Mujib Mashal (December 31, 2018). "C.I.A.'s Afghan Forces Leave a Trail of Abuse and Anger". The New York Times.
  48. ^ Julia Hollingsworth. "Who are the Taliban and how did they take control of Afghanistan so swiftly?". CNN. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  49. ^ Rassler, Don; Vahid Brown (14 July 2011). "The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qaida" (PDF). Harmony Program. Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  50. ^ "Sirajuddin Haqqani dares US to attack N Waziristan". Tribune. Reuters. September 24, 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  51. ^ Perlez, Jane (14 December 2009). "Rebuffing U.S., Pakistan Balks at Crackdown". The New York Times.
  52. ^ "Afghanistan after the Western Drawdown". Google books. 16 January 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.
  53. ^ a b c "In Afghanistan, al-Qaeda is working more closely with the Taliban, Pentagon says". The Washington Post. 6 May 2016.
  54. ^ Bill Roggio (26 April 2011). "How many al Qaeda operatives are now left in Afghanistan? – Threat Matrix". Long War Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2014. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  55. ^ "Al Qaeda in Afghanistan Is Attempting A Comeback". The Huffington Post. 21 October 2012. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  56. ^ "S/2018/705 - E - S/2018/705 -Desktop". undocs.org.
  57. ^ "Exhausted and abandoned: why Afghanistan's army collapsed". The Express Tribune. September 7, 2021.
  58. ^ a b c d "Human and Budgetary Costs to Date of the U.S. War in Afghanistan, 2001-2022 | Figures | Costs of War". The Costs of War. Retrieved 2021-09-02.
  59. ^ "Scores Killed in Fresh Kunduz Fighting". Fox News. 26 November 2001. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  60. ^ Morello, Carol; Loeb, Vernon (6 December 2001). "Friendly fire kills 3 GIs". Post-Gazette. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  61. ^ Terry McCarthy/Kunduz (18 November 2001). "A Volatile State of Siege After a Taliban Ambush". Time. Archived from the original on 30 May 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2008.
  62. ^ John Pike (9 December 2001). "VOA News Report". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  63. ^ "US Bombs Wipe Out Farming Village". Rawa.org. Retrieved 9 February 2010.
  64. ^ "Afghanistan statistics: UK deaths, casualties, mission costs and refugees" (PDF). House of Commons. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  65. ^ "U.S. Department of Defense CASUALTY STATUS" (PDF). US Department of Defense.
  66. ^ "Number of Afghanistan UK Military and Civilian casualties (7 October 2001 to 30 November 2014)" (PDF). www.gov.uk. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
  67. ^ "Over 2,000 Canadians were wounded in Afghan mission: report". National Post. Retrieved 1 February 2012.
  68. ^ a b "U.S. Department of Labor – Office of Workers' Compensation Programs (OWCP) – Defense Base Act Case Summary by Nation". Dol.gov. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  69. ^ a b T. Christian Miller (23 September 2009). "U.S. Government Private Contract Worker Deaths and Injuries". Pro Publica. Retrieved 2 August 2011.
  70. ^ "Costs of War Figures". Watson Institute, Brown University.
  71. ^ "UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program". www.ucdp.uu.se.
  72. ^ "International Security Assistance Force (ISAF): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF).
  73. ^ "Resolute Support Mission (RSM): Key Facts and Figures" (PDF).
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