Tarki

Tarki
Тарки
Urban-type settlement[1]
Other transcription(s)
 • KumykТаргъу
Location of Tarki
Tarki is located in Russia
Tarki
Tarki
Location of Tarki
Tarki is located in Republic of Dagestan
Tarki
Tarki
Tarki (Republic of Dagestan)
Coordinates: 42°56′50″N 47°29′55″E / 42.94722°N 47.49861°E / 42.94722; 47.49861
CountryRussia
Federal subjectDagestan[1]
Administrative districtSovetsky City District[1]
Urban-type settlement status since1958
Population
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • Total15,356
 • Subordinated toCity of Makhachkala[1]
 • Urban okrugMakhachkala Urban Okrug[3]
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK [4])
Postal code(s)[5]
367904
OKTMO ID82701370056
Tarki population
2010 Census15,356[2]
2002 Census9,858[6]
1989 Census3,743[7]
1979 Census8,090[8]
Tarki, view from the Caspian Sea, 1839, Milyutin.

Tarki (Kumyk: Таргъу, Tarğu; Russian: Тарки́) formerly also spelled Tarkou[9] and also known as Tarku,[10] is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) under the administrative jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia, located on the Tarki-tau (Kumyk: Tarğu-taw) mountain. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 15,356.[2]

History

Tarki had been the capital of Kumyk historical states before they were abolished by Russia.[11][12]

According to some scholars, Tarki sits on the site of Samandar, the capital of Khazaria until the early 8th century.[13][14] In 1396, Timur passed through Tarki during the Tokhtamysh–Timur war. In the Middle Ages the Shamkhalate state is formed, lately becoming Shamkhalate of Tarki. Tarki had been the capital of the Kumyk state at least from the 16th century.[15] This state was not abolished until 1867.

Engraving of Tarki in a publication of German traveler Adam Olearius' travel account

Tarki is mentioned by Armenian chronicles of the 7-8th century,[16][17] by Giovanni Carpini in the Catalan Atlas of 1375, and by Timurid historians.

The shamkhals submitted to Russian authority more than once, first in the early 17th century. In 1668, the town was sacked by Cossacks under Stepan Razin.

The shamkhals were again obliged to submit to Russian suzerainty during Peter the Great's 1722 Persian Expedition and during Catherine the Great's 1796 Persian Expedition.

Tarki finally came under Russian control under the terms of the Treaty of Gulistan in 1813. Eight years later, the Russians built Burnaya Fortress there, which was succeeded by Fort-Petrovsk (on the grounds of original Kumyk town called Andzhi-kala (or Anji),[18][19][13][14] now known as Makhachkala.[20]

Deportation

Tarki in 1925

On 12 April 1944, the Kumyks of Tarki and adjacent villages of Kyakhulay and Alborukent were rounded up and deported from their homes on the orders of the Dagestan communist authorities.[21] They were forcibly relocated to land belonging to neighboring Chechen, Karachay, Balkar and Crimean Tatar populations, who had themselves also been forcibly deported to Central Asia two months prior, on Stalin's orders. The rationale given for the deportation of the Kumyks was that the authorities hoped to use the area to support the agricultural needs of the highland peoples who had resettled in Tarki. As a result of this exodus, the local Kumyk population lost for years their traditional capital of Tarki, which led to the destruction of some of their cultural inheritance.[22]

The deportation of the Kumyks is still not acknowledged by the Russian government, and has become a subject of greater contention in recent years. In an attempt to settle an unrelated land dispute between local Chechen and Lak communities, the Dagestan government announced in 2017 that it had built 3,000 houses for the Laks, on land which formerly belonged to Kumyks in Tarki.[21] This led to a protest camp being established by the Kumyk community, in an attempt to finally secure restitution for their deportation in 1944, and prevent this land from being given to a different community without their consent.

Administrative and municipal status

Urban-type settlement status was granted to Tarki in 1958.[citation needed]

Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Tarki is in jurisdiction of Sovetsky City District of the City of Makhachkala.[1] Within the framework of municipal divisions, Tarki is a part of Makhachkala Urban Okrug.[3]

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 82 401 673», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 82 401 673, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
  2. ^ a b c Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  3. ^ a b Law #6
  4. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  5. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
  6. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
  7. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
  8. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 г. Национальный состав населения по регионам России [All Union Population Census of 1979. Ethnic composition of the population by regions of Russia] (XLS). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1979 года [All-Union Population Census of 1979] (in Russian). 1979 – via Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics.
  9. ^ Baddeley (1908), p. 8.
  10. ^ Wagner (1854), p. p. 187.
  11. ^ Советская историческая энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия . Под ред. Е. М. Жукова. 1973—1982.
  12. ^ Лит.: Лавров Л. И., Тарки до XVIII в., "Уч. зап. ин-та истории, языка и литературы им. Г. Цадасы", т. 4, История, Махачкала, 1958.
  13. ^ a b С.Т.Еремян. Моисей Каланкатуйский о посольстве албанского князя Вараз Трдата к хазарскому хакану Алп-Илитверу. "Записки Института Востоковедения АН СССР", т. VII, М.-Л, 1939.
  14. ^ a b Лавров Л.И. Ученые записки Института истории, языка и литературы ДФ АН СССР", т. 4. 1958
  15. ^ С. Белокуров. Отношения России с Кавказом. 1. М., 1888. С. 58-60
  16. ^ К.Патканов. из нового списка географии, прописываемой Моисею Хоренскому. "Журнал Министерства народного просвещения", 18 март, стр. 118
  17. ^ История халифов Вардапета Гевонда, писателоя VII века. СПб., 1862. С. 28.
  18. ^ БСЭ (Большая Советская Энциклопедия); статьи на (МА). — М. под ред. Прохорова А. М. 1969—1978
  19. ^ Конституция Республики Дагестан: научно-практический и историко-правовой комментарий, Arslan Magomedsoltanovich Khalilov, Yakub Bakhmudovich Gamzatov, Дагестанский гос. ун-т, 2002 - 460, page 445
  20. ^ М. И. Артамонов. Очерки древнейшей истории хазар. Л. 1936. С. 97.
  21. ^ a b "Seventy years on, the Kumyk people in Dagestan are still fighting territorial claims". openDemocracy. Retrieved July 6, 2022.
  22. ^ "Кумыкский мир | ХХ ВЕК В СУДЬБЕ КУМЫКОВ". kumukia.ru.[permanent dead link]

Bibliography

  • Народное Собрание Республики Дагестан. Закон №6 от 13 января 2005 г. «О статусе и границах муниципальных образований Республики Дагестан», в ред. Закона №43 от 30 апреля 2015 г. «О статусе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала", статусе и границах внутригородских районов в составе городского округа с внутригородским делением "Город Махачкала" и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Республики Дагестан». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Дагестанская правда", №8, 15 февраля 2005 г. (People's Assembly of the Republic of Dagestan. Law #6 of January 13, 2005 On the Status and Borders of the Municipal Formations of the Republic of Dagestan, as amended by the Law #43 of April 30, 2015 On the Status of the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, the Status and the Borders of the Intra-City Districts Comprising the "City of Makhachkala" Urban Okrug with Intra-Urban Divisions, and on Amending Various Legislative Acts of the Republic of Dagestan. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
  • Baddeley, John Frederick (1908), The Russian Conquest of the Caucasus with Maps, Plans, and Illustrations, London: Longmans, Green, & Co..
  • Wagner, Friedrich (1854), Mackenzie, Kenneth (ed.), Schamyl and Circassia, 2d ed., London: G. Routledge & Co..
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