Sigalegalephrynus
| Sigalegalephrynus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Sigalegalephrynus Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017 |
| Species | |
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See text | |
Sigalegalephrynus is a genus of toads in the family Bufonidae.[1] Species are commonly known as puppet toads.[2]
They are endemic to the mountains of Sumatra in Indonesia. They have both arboreal and troglodytic habits, being known from trees and rock hollows in montane habitats, including stratovolcanoes such as Sorikmarapi and Mount Kunyit. The genus is named after the si gale-gale, life-sized wooden puppets created by the indigenous Toba Batak people, referencing their relatively large size, lanky build, long arms, and wood-brown coloration.[3]
The genus and its first two species were only described in 2017 (with the first individuals only discovered in 2014), with three more described in 2019. All species are microendemic to their localities and are threatened by habitat loss, and it has thus been recommended that all be classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.[3][4][5]
The following species are known:[2]
| Binomial name and author | Common name |
|---|---|
| Sigalegalephrynus burnitelongensis Sarker, Wostl, Thammachoti, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2019 | Burning Mountain puppet toad |
| Sigalegalephrynus gayoluesensis Sarker, Wostl, Thammachoti, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2019 | Gayo Lues Highland's puppet toad |
| Sigalegalephrynus harveyi Sarker, Wostl, Thammachoti, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2019 | Harvey's puppet toad |
| Sigalegalephrynus mandailinguensis Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2017 | Mandailing puppet toad |
| Sigalegalephrynus minangkabauensis Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2017 | Minangkabau puppet toad |
References
- ^ "Sigalegalephrynus Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Sigalegalephrynus Smart, Sarker, Arifin, Harvey, Sidik, Hamidy, Kurniawan, and Smith, 2017". Amphibian Species of the World.
- ^ a b Smart, Utpal; Sarker, Goutam C.; Arifin, Umilaela; Harvey, Michael B.; Sidik, Irvan; Hamidy, Amir; Kurniawan, Nia; Smith, Eric N. (2017). "A New Genus and Two New Species of Arboreal Toads from the Highlands of Sumatra with a Phylogeny of Sundaland Toad Genera". Herpetologica. 73 (1): 63–75. doi:10.1655/Herpetologica-D-16-00041. ISSN 0018-0831.
- ^ Sarker, Goutam C.; Wostl, Elijah; Thammachoti, Panupong; Sidik, Irvan; Hamidy, Amir; Kurniawan, Nia; Smith, Eric N. (2019-10-02). "New species, diversity, systematics, and conservation assessment of the Puppet Toads of Sumatra (Anura: Bufonidae: Sigalegalephrynus)". Zootaxa. 4679 (2): 365–391. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4679.2.9. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ "New toads named from a Sumatran biodiversity trove that's under threat". Mongabay Environmental News. 2019-11-06. Retrieved 2023-03-23.