Shemakha uezd

Shemakha uezd
Шемахинскій уѣздъ
Uezd
Coat of arms of Shemakha uezd
Coat of arms
Location in the Baku Governorate
Location in the Baku Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
GovernorateBaku
Established1840
Abolished1929
CapitalShemakha
(present-day Shamakhi)
Area
 • Total7,540.79 km2 (2,911.52 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total161,552
 • Density21/km2 (55/sq mi)
 • Urban
17.18%
 • Rural
82.82%

The Shemakha uezd[a] was a county (uezd) within the Baku Governorate of the Russian Empire, and then of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and Azerbaijan SSR until its formal abolishment in 1929. The county was located in central part of the Baku Governorate, bordering the Javad uezd to the south, Baku uezd to the east, Geokchay uezd to the west and Kuba uezd to the north.[1] The administrative centre of the county was the city of Shemakha (present-day Shamakhi).[2]

Administrative divisions

The subcounties (uchastoks) of the Shemakha uezd in 1912 were as follows:[3]

Name 1912 population Area
Abdulyanskiy uchastok (Абдульянскій участокъ) 28,814 2,055.28 square versts (2,339.04 km2; 903.11 sq mi)
Kabristanskiy uchastok (Кабристанскій участокъ) 45,726 3,121.22 square versts (3,552.14 km2; 1,371.49 sq mi)
Koshunskiy uchastok (Кошунскій участокъ) 53,734 1,449.49 square versts (1,649.61 km2; 636.92 sq mi)

History

The county was established in 1840 and was initially made part of the Caspian Oblast, and later became the capital of the Shemakha Governorate in 1846. But due to an earthquake in 1859, the city and most of the county suffered great damage. Subsequently, capital of the Shemakha Governorate was moved from Shemakha to Baku and the governorate was renamed Baku Governorate.[4]

Demographics

Russian Empire Census

According to the Russian Empire Census, the Shemakha uezd had a population of 121,842 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 64,732 men and 57,110 women. The majority of the population indicated Tatar[b] to be their mother tongue, with significant Armenian, Russian, and Tat speaking minorities.[7]

Linguistic composition of the Shemakha uezd in 1897[7]
Language Native speakers %
Tatar[b] 89,840 73.73
Armenian 14,283 11.72
Russian 11,275 9.25
Tat 4,517 3.71
Jewish 1,104 0.91
Persian 149 0.12
Lithuanian 143 0.12
Avar-Andean 126 0.10
Polish 101 0.08
Ukrainian 86 0.07
Kyurin 73 0.06
Kazi-Kumukh 62 0.05
Georgian 49 0.04
German 13 0.01
Turkish 9 0.01
Mordovian 2 0.00
Belarusian 1 0.00
Greek 1 0.00
Other 8 0.01
TOTAL 121,842 100.00

Kavkazskiy kalendar

According to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Shemakha uezd had a population of 161,552 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 86,659 men and 74,893 women, 159,621 of whom were the permanent population, and 1,931 were temporary residents:[8]

Nationality Urban Rural TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Sunni Muslims[c] 8,605 31.01 68,569 51.25 77,174 47.77
Shia Muslims[d] 12,522 45.12 28,010 20.93 40,532 25.09
Armenians 4,534 16.34 17,816 13.32 22,350 13.83
Russians 1,737 6.26 17,656 13.20 19,393 12.00
Jews 136 0.49 1,305 0.98 1,441 0.89
North Caucasians 214 0.77 303 0.23 517 0.32
Asiatic Christians 0 0.00 139 0.10 139 0.09
Other Europeans 4 0.01 2 0.00 6 0.00
TOTAL 27,752 100.00 133,800 100.00 161,552 100.00

Soviet census (1926)

In 1926, the population of the county declined to 91,185.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ^
    • Russian: Шемахи́нскій уѣ́здъ, romanized: Shemakhínsky uyézd
    • Azerbaijani: شماخی قضاسی, romanized: Şamāxı qaz̤āsı
  2. ^ a b Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[5][6]
  3. ^ Primarily Turco-Tatars.[9]
  4. ^ Primarily Tatars.[9]

References

  1. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 59.
  2. ^ "Administrative Territorial Division" (PDF). preslib.az. p. 119.
  3. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 140–143.
  4. ^ Документы по истории Баку. 1810—1917. — Баку, 1978, с. 69
  5. ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
  6. ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
  7. ^ a b "Первая всеобщая перепись населения Российской Империи 1897 г. Распределение населения по родному языку и уездам Российской Империи кроме губерний Европейской России" (in Russian). Демоскоп.
  8. ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 178–181.
  9. ^ a b Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
  10. ^ "Population of Shamakhi Uyezd". Demoskop Weekly.

Bibliography

  • Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
  • Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
  • Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.

40°37′49″N 48°38′29″E / 40.63028°N 48.64139°E / 40.63028; 48.64139

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