Sampul

Sampul
سامپۇل بازىرى
山普鲁镇
Shanpulu
Town
Sampul is located in Xinjiang
Sampul
Sampul
Location in Xinjiang
Sampul is located in China
Sampul
Sampul
Sampul (China)
Sampul is located in West and Central Asia
Sampul
Sampul
Sampul (West and Central Asia)
Coordinates: 37°01′16″N 80°06′42″E / 37.02111°N 80.11167°E / 37.02111; 80.11167
CountryChina
Autonomous RegionXinjiang
PrefectureHotan
CountyLop (Luopu)
SeatXianbaibazha (先拜巴扎村)[1]
Villages31
Area
[1]
 • Total56.3 km2 (21.7 sq mi)
Population
 (2010)[2]
 • Total29,509
 • Density520/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Ethnic groups
 • Major ethnic groupUyghur[1]
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)

Sampul[3] (Shanpulu; سامپۇل بازىرى;[4][5] simplified Chinese: 山普鲁镇; traditional Chinese: 山普魯鎮, formerly 山普鲁乡 / 山普魯鄉) is a town in Lop County (Luopu), Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang, China.

History

Map of the region including Sampul (labeled as Shan-p'u-la) (DMA, 1983)
Sampul tapestry, warrior
Lop carpets discovered in Sampul.

Local inhabitants at Sampul cemetery around 14 km (8.7 mi)[6] where art such as the Sampul tapestry has been found,[7] buried their dead from roughly 217 BCE to 283 CE.[8] The analysis of mtDNA haplogroup distribution showed that the Sampula inhabitants had a large mixture of East Asian, Persian and European characteristics.[6][9] According to Chengzhi et al. (2007), analysis of maternal mitochondrial DNA of the human remains has revealed genetic affinities at the maternal side to Ossetians and Iranians, an Eastern-Mediterranean paternal lineage.[6][10][note 1]

The Sampul tapestry was discovered in Sampul in the mid-1980s.

On October 21, 2014, Sampul township (山普鲁乡) disestablished and Sampul town (山普鲁镇) was created.[2][17]

In 2016–17, five villages were added to Sampul.[18]

On the afternoon of April 7, 2017, the XUAR Judiciary Office's de-extremization (去极端化) propaganda team began three days of de-extremization lectures in the county including visits in Sampul.[19]

On December 13, 2019, the body of a 5 year old Uyghur boy was found in snow in a stream in Sampul, and viral video of the discovery led to international attention.[20][21]

Administrative divisions

As of 2018, Sampul included thirty-one villages (Mandarin Chinese Hanyu Pinyin-derived names, except where Uyghur is provided):[22]

  • Arimaili (阿日买里村)
  • Xianbaibazha (先拜巴扎村)
  • Köchken (Kuoqikan, Kuoqikancun;[23] كۆچكەن كەنتى / 阔其坎村) 37°01′55″N 080°06′57″E / 37.03194°N 80.11583°E / 37.03194; 80.11583
  • Lengger (Langan, Langancun;[24] لەڭگەر كەنتى[5] / 兰干村) 37°00′41″N 080°08′04″E / 37.01139°N 80.13444°E / 37.01139; 80.13444
  • Kilente (Kelante, Kelantecun;[25] كىلەنتە كەنتى / 克兰特村) 37°01′08″N 080°07′17″E / 37.01889°N 80.12139°E / 37.01889; 80.12139
  • Aydingköl (Ayidingkule, Ayiding Kulecun;[26] ئايدىڭكۆل كەنتى / 阿依丁库勒村) 37°02′09″N 080°09′01″E / 37.03583°N 80.15028°E / 37.03583; 80.15028
  • Bash medris (Bashi'airike, Bashi Airikecun;[27] باش مەدرىس كەنتى / 巴什艾日克村, or Bashi'akemaidirisi 巴什阿克买迪日斯村[28][29]) 37°23′45″N 079°32′06″E / 37.39583°N 79.53500°E / 37.39583; 79.53500
  • Ayagh medris (Ayake'airike; ئاياغ مەدرىس كەنتى / 阿亚克艾日克村, or Ayake'akemaidirisi, Ayake Akemai Dirisicun[30] 阿亚克阿克买迪日斯村[28][29]) 37°01′20″N 080°08′28″E / 37.02222°N 80.14111°E / 37.02222; 80.14111
  • Chaqpi mark (Qiakemake, Qiake Makecun;[31] چاقپى مارك كەنتى / 恰克玛克村) 37°01′32″N 080°07′47″E / 37.02556°N 80.12972°E / 37.02556; 80.12972
  • Jay'ëriq (Jiayi'airike, Jiayi Airikecun;[31] جايئېرىق كەنتى / 加依艾日克村) 37°00′29″N 080°07′50″E / 37.00806°N 80.13056°E / 37.00806; 80.13056
  • Qurbagh (Ku'erbage, Ku’er Bagecun;[32] چاقپى مارك كەنتى / 库尔巴格村) 37°01′43″N 080°09′07″E / 37.02861°N 80.15194°E / 37.02861; 80.15194
  • Qotaz (Kuotazilangan; قوتاز كەنتى / 阔塔孜兰干村)
  • Ildam (Yiledamu, Yiledamucun;[33] ئىلدام كەنتى / 依勒达木村) 37°00′44″N 080°04′56″E / 37.01222°N 80.08222°E / 37.01222; 80.08222
  • Bashikeyikuo (巴什克依阔村)
  • Qumbagh (Kumubage, Kumu Bagecun;[34] قۇمباغ كەنتى / 库木巴格村) 37°00′19″N 080°03′33″E / 37.00528°N 80.05917°E / 37.00528; 80.05917
  • Sëriq (Serike; سېرىق كەنتى / 色日克村)
  • Qarangghuyar (Karangguya, Karang Guyacun;[35] قاراڭغۇيار كەنتى / 喀让古亚村) 36°59′50″N 080°04′08″E / 36.99722°N 80.06889°E / 36.99722; 80.06889
  • Ayagh qiyqu (Ayagekeyikuo; ئاياغ قىيقۇ كەنتى / 阿亚格克依阔村)
  • Kalayangtake (Kalayang Takecun;[36] 喀拉央塔克村) 36°57′32″N 079°55′18″E / 36.95889°N 79.92167°E / 36.95889; 79.92167
  • Bashbiz (Bashibizili, Bashibizilicun;[37] باشبىز كەنتى / 巴什比孜里村) 36°58′13″N 079°56′01″E / 36.97028°N 79.93361°E / 36.97028; 79.93361
  • Otturabiz (Outulabizili, Outula Bizilicun;[38] ئوتتۇرابىز كەنتى / 欧吐拉比孜里村) 36°59′05″N 079°56′51″E / 36.98472°N 79.94750°E / 36.98472; 79.94750
  • Ayagh biz (Ayagebizili; ئاياغ بىز كەنتى / 阿亚格比孜里村)
  • Karki[20] (Kalake'er; قارقىي كەنت[39] / 喀拉克尔村)
  • Yëngi lengger (Yinglangan; يېڭى لەڭگەر كەنتى / 英兰干村)
  • Bositankule (博斯坦库勒村)
  • Yingbage (英巴格村)
  • Bulake (布拉克村)
  • Bashikule (巴什库勒村)
  • Ayagekelante (阿亚格克兰特村)
  • Nu'erluke (努尔鲁克村)
  • Kazimileke (喀孜米勒克村)

In 2009, villages in Sampul township included:[29]

  • Arimaili (阿日买里村), Xianbaibazha (先拜巴扎村), Kuoqikan (阔其坎村), Langan (兰干村), Kelante (克兰特村), Ayidingkule (阿依丁库勒村), Bashi'akemaidirisi (巴什阿克买迪日斯村), Ayake'akemaidirisi (阿亚克阿克买迪日斯村), Qiakemake (恰克玛克村), Jiayi'airike (加依艾日克村), Ku'erbage (库尔巴格村), Kuotazilangan (阔塔孜兰干村), Yiledamu (依勒达木村), Bashikeyikuo (巴什克依阔村), Kumubage (库木巴格村), Serike (色日克村), Karangguya (喀让古亚村), Ayagekeyikuo (阿亚格克依阔村), Kalayangtake (喀拉央塔克村), Bashibizili (巴什比孜里村), Outulabizili (欧吐拉比孜里村), Ayagebizili (阿亚格比孜里村), Kalake'er (喀拉克尔村), Yinglangan (英兰干村), Bositankule (博斯坦库勒村), Yingbage (英巴格村)

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
200024,496—    
201029,509+1.88%
[2]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ From historical accounts it is known that Alexander the Great, who married a Sogdian woman from Bactria named Roxana,[11][12][13] encouraged his soldiers and generals to marry local women; consequentially the later kings of the Seleucid Empire and Greco-Bactrian Kingdom had a mixed Persian-Greek ethnic background.[14][15][16]
    Lucas Christopoulos writes : "The kings (or soldiers) of the Sampul cemetery came from various origins, composing as they did a homogeneous army made of Hellenized Persians, western Scythians, or Sacae Iranians from their mother's side, just as were most of the second generation of Greeks colonists living in the Seleucid Empire. Most of the soldiers of Alexander the Great who stayed in Persia, India and central Asia had married local women, thus their leading generals were mostly Greeks from their father's side or had Greco-Macedonian grandfathers. Antiochos had a Persian mother, and all the later Indo-Greeks or Greco-Bactrians were revered in the population as locals, as they used both Greek and Bactrian scripts on their coins and worshipped the local gods. The DNA testing of the Sampul cemetery shows that the occupants had maternal origins in the eastern part of the Mediterranean".[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c 1997年洛浦县行政区划 [1997 Lop County Administrative Divisions]. XZQH.org (in Simplified Chinese). 11 January 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2020. 山普鲁乡　1984年设山普鲁乡。乡政府驻先拜巴扎村，位于县城南偏西，距县城13千米。面积56.3平方千米，人口2.1万，以维吾尔族为主。
  2. ^ a b c 洛浦县历史沿革 [Lop County Historical Development] (in Simplified Chinese). XZQH.org. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2019. 2000年第五次人口普查，洛浦县常住总人口235716人，其中：{...}山普鲁乡24496人、{...}2010年第六次人口普查，洛浦县常住总人口232916人，其中：{...}山普拉乡 [sic]29509人，{...}2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]192号）同意撤销山普鲁乡，设立山普鲁镇。
  3. ^ Sampul (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  4. ^ سامپۇل (Variant Non-Roman Script - VS) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  5. ^ a b 木拉提 (14 August 2019). تېرىقچىلىق قۇرۇلمىسى ئەلالاشتى، دېھقانلارنىڭ كىرىمى ئاشتى. 中亚之声 (in Uyghur). Retrieved 24 January 2020. سامپۇل بازىرى لەڭگەر كەنتى
  6. ^ a b c Chengzhi, Xie; Chunxiang, Li; Yinqiu, Cui; Dawei, Cai; Haijing, Wang; Hong, Zhu; Hui, Zhou (2007). "Mitochondrial DNA analysis of ancient Sampula population in Xinjiang". Progress in Natural Science. 17 (8): 927–933. doi:10.1080/10002007088537493.
  7. ^ Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012), "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)," in Victor H. Mair (ed), Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 230, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, pp 15-16, ISSN 2157-9687.
  8. ^ Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012), "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)," in Victor H. Mair (ed), Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 230, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, p. 27, ISSN 2157-9687.
  9. ^ Trading Genes along the Silk Road: mtDNA Sequences and the Origin of Central Asian Populations; David Comas1, 2, *, Francesc Calafell1, 3, *, Eva Mateu1, Anna Pérez-Lezaun1, 4, Elena Bosch1, Rosa Martínez-Arias1, Jordi Clarimon1, Fiorenzo Facchini5, Giovanni Fiori5, Donata Luiselli5, Davide Pettener5 and Jaume Bertranpetit1, The American Journal of Human Genetics, Volume 63, Issue 6, 1824–1838, 1 December 1998 doi:10.1086/302133
  10. ^ a b Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012), "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)," in Victor H. Mair (ed), Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 230, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, p. 27 & footnote #46, ISSN 2157-9687.
  11. ^ Livius.org. "Roxane." Articles on Ancient History. Page last modified 17 August 2015. Retrieved on 8 September 2016.
  12. ^ Strachan, Edward and Roy Bolton (2008), Russia and Europe in the Nineteenth Century, London: Sphinx Fine Art, p. 87, ISBN 978-1-907200-02-1.
  13. ^ For another publication calling her "Sogdian", see Christopoulos, Lucas (August 2012), "Hellenes and Romans in Ancient China (240 BC – 1398 AD)," in Victor H. Mair (ed), Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 230, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, University of Pennsylvania Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, p. 4, ISSN 2157-9687.
  14. ^ Holt, Frank L. (1989), Alexander the Great and Bactria: the Formation of a Greek Frontier in Central Asia, Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, Cologne: E. J. Brill, pp 67–8, ISBN 90-04-08612-9.
  15. ^ Ahmed, S. Z. (2004), Chaghatai: the Fabulous Cities and People of the Silk Road, West Conshokoken: Infinity Publishing, p. 61.
  16. ^ Magill, Frank N. et al. (1998), The Ancient World: Dictionary of World Biography, Volume 1, Pasadena, Chicago, London,: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, Salem Press, p. 1010, ISBN 0-89356-313-7.
  17. ^ 洛浦县县域简介. 洛浦县政府网 Luopu County Government Network (in Simplified Chinese). 13 December 2019. Retrieved 18 December 2019. 2014年10月21日，自治区政府（新政函[2014]192号）同意撤销山普鲁乡，设立山普鲁镇。
  18. ^ 2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：山普鲁镇 [2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Sampul Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2020. 统计用区划代码 城乡分类代码 名称 653224101200 220 阿日买里村委会 653224101201 121 先拜巴扎村委会 653224101202 220 阔其坎村委会 653224101203 220 兰干村委会 653224101204 220 克兰特村委会 653224101205 220 阿依丁库勒村委会 653224101206 220 巴什艾日克村委会 653224101207 220 阿亚克艾日克村委会 653224101208 220 恰克玛克村委会 653224101209 220 加依艾日克村委会 653224101210 220 库尔巴格村委会 653224101211 220 阔塔孜兰干村委会 653224101212 220 依勒达木村委会 653224101213 220 巴什克依阔村委会 653224101214 220 库木巴格村委会 653224101215 220 色日克村委会 653224101216 220 喀让古亚村委会 653224101217 220 阿亚格克依阔村委会 653224101218 220 喀拉央塔克村委会 653224101219 220 巴什比孜里村委会 653224101220 220 欧吐拉比孜里村委会 653224101221 220 阿亚格比孜里村委会 653224101222 220 喀拉克尔村委会 653224101223 220 英兰干村委会 653224101224 220 博斯坦库勒村委会 653224101225 220 英巴格村委会 653224101226 220 布拉克村委会 653224101227 220 巴什库勒村委会 653224101228 220 阿亚格克兰特村委会 653224101229 220 努尔鲁克村委会 653224101230 220 喀孜米勒克村委会
  19. ^ 用情感敲开心灵大门 用说理舒缓群众情绪 (in Simplified Chinese). 14 April 2017. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018 – via Internet Archive. 据悉，4月7日上午，自治区司法厅"去极端化"宣讲团来到洛浦县恰尔巴格乡，展开了为期3天的"去极端化"大宣讲。这次宣讲集中在恰尔巴格乡、杭桂镇、山普鲁镇三个分会场以及洛浦县教育转化中心和影剧院两个专场。
  20. ^ a b Shohret Hoshur, Paul Eckert (18 December 2019). "Uyghur Boy Dies in Ditch in Hotan While Parents in Jail, Internment Camp". Radio Free Asia. Translated by Mamatjan Juma. Retrieved 24 January 2020. A five-year-old Uyghur boy{...}Nesrulla Yusuptohti, who was found frozen to death in a ditch covered with ice and snow on Sunday in Sampul township Hotan's Lop (Luopu) county{...}Number 2 hamlet in Sampul township's Karki village.
  21. ^ "Uygur families fall victims to fake Xinjiang report". China Global Television Network. 21 January 2020. Event occurs at 0:07. Retrieved 24 January 2020 – via YouTube.
  22. ^ 2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：山普鲁镇 [2018 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Sampul Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2020. 统计用区划代码 城乡分类代码 名称 653224101200 220 阿日买里村委会 653224101201 121 先拜巴扎村委会 653224101202 220 阔其坎村委会 653224101203 220 兰干村委会 653224101204 220 克兰特村委会 653224101205 220 阿依丁库勒村委会 653224101206 220 巴什艾日克村委会 653224101207 220 阿亚克艾日克村委会 653224101208 220 恰克玛克村委会 653224101209 220 加依艾日克村委会 653224101210 220 库尔巴格村委会 653224101211 220 阔塔孜兰干村委会 653224101212 220 依勒达木村委会 653224101213 220 巴什克依阔村委会 653224101214 220 库木巴格村委会 653224101215 220 色日克村委会 653224101216 220 喀让古亚村委会 653224101217 220 阿亚格克依阔村委会 653224101218 220 喀拉央塔克村委会 653224101219 220 巴什比孜里村委会 653224101220 220 欧吐拉比孜里村委会 653224101221 220 阿亚格比孜里村委会 653224101222 220 喀拉克尔村委会 653224101223 220 英兰干村委会 653224101224 220 博斯坦库勒村委会 653224101225 220 英巴格村委会 653224101226 220 布拉克村委会 653224101227 220 巴什库勒村委会 653224101228 220 阿亚格克兰特村委会 653224101229 220 努尔鲁克村委会 653224101230 220 喀孜米勒克村委会
  23. ^ Kuoqikancun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  24. ^ Langancun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  25. ^ Kelantecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  26. ^ Ayiding Kulecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  27. ^ Bashi Airikecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  28. ^ a b 2014年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：山普鲁镇 [2014 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Sampul Town] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2020. 653224202206 220 巴什阿克买迪日斯村委会 653224202207 220 阿亚克阿克买迪日斯村委会
  29. ^ a b c 2009年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：山普拉乡 [2009 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Sampul Township] (in Simplified Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020. 代码 城乡分类 名称 653224202200 210 阿日买里村委会 653224202201 210 先拜巴扎村委会 653224202202 210 阔其坎村委会 653224202203 220 兰干村委会 653224202204 210 克兰特村委会 653224202205 220 阿依丁库勒村委会 653224202206 220 巴什阿克买迪日斯村委会 653224202207 220 阿亚克阿克买迪日斯村委会 653224202208 220 恰克玛克村委会 653224202209 220 加依艾日克村委会 653224202210 220 库尔巴格村委会 653224202211 220 阔塔孜兰干村委会 653224202212 220 依勒达木村委会 653224202213 220 巴什克依阔村委会 653224202214 220 库木巴格村委会 653224202215 220 色日克村委会 653224202216 220 喀让古亚村委会 653224202217 220 阿亚格克依阔村委会 653224202218 220 喀拉央塔克村委会 653224202219 220 巴什比孜里村委会 653224202220 220 欧吐拉比孜里村委会 653224202221 220 阿亚格比孜里村委会 653224202222 220 喀拉克尔村委会 653224202223 220 英兰干村委会 653224202224 220 博斯坦库勒村委会 653224202225 220 英巴格村委会
  30. ^ Ayake Akemai Dirisicun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  31. ^ a b Qiake Makecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  32. ^ Ku’er Bagecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  33. ^ Yiledamucun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  34. ^ Kumu Bagecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  35. ^ Karang Guyacun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  36. ^ Kalayang Takecun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  37. ^ Bashibizilicun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  38. ^ Outula Bizilicun (Approved - N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
  39. ^ مۇز ئارىسىدىن جەسىتى تېپىلغان 5 ياشلىق بالىنىڭ ئانىسى غۇلجادىكى تۈرمىدە، دادىسىنىڭ لوپتىكى لاگېردا ئىكەنلىكى دەلىللەندى. Radio Free Asia (in Uyghur). 18 December 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020.
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