Richard Folville

Richard Folville (died 1340–1) was a member of the infamous Folville Gang captained by his older brother Eustace.

Biography

Richard was the fourth of 7 sons born to Sir John Folville (died 1310) of Ashby Folville, Leicestershire. In 1321 he was created rector to the small country parish of Teigh, about 12 km east of Melton Mowbray. However, like his near-contemporaries Thomas De L'Isle or John Rippinghale, his vocation did not deter him from indulging in vigilantism and outlawry. A warrant for Richard's arrest was issued in March 1326 for his part in connection with the assassination of Sir Roger Bellere,^[1] and he was also involved in much of his siblings' later strifes.

Richard seems to have masterminded the abduction and ransom of the justice Sir Richard Willoughby, later Chief Justice of the King's Bench. The chronicler Henry Knighton, our principal witness to the activities of the Folvilles, claims that the 'savage, audacious' Richard was in charge of the socialem comitivam ('allied company') which attacked Willoughby.^[2] The kidnap occurred in January 1332. Willoughby was seized on the road to Grantham, and escorted into nearby woodland. One indictment claims that he was carried from here to numerous dens and hideouts across the county, 'from wood to wood'.^[3] He was at length made to pay 1300 marks for his release, and forced to swear an oath of loyalty to the Folvilles.

Capture and death

Richard was the only member of the Folville gang to suffer official retribution. In either 1340 or 1341, he and some of his retinue were cornered in the church of Teigh by Sir Robert de Colville,^[4] a keeper of the King's peace. After a prolonged struggle, which resulted in at least one fatality as Richard fired arrows from the church, Sir Robert succeeded in drawing Richard from the building. Once in custody, Folville was summarily beheaded, in his own churchyard. After the event Pope Clement VI instructed Thomas Bek, Bishop of Lincoln, to absolve Robert and his men for killing the priest, on condition that they were whipped at each of main churches in the area, by way of penance.^[5] This is clearly reminiscent of Henry II's penance before the cathedral of Avranches, after the death of Thomas Becket.

Notes

^ Patent Rolls 1232–1509.
^ Henry Knighton, Chronicon Henrici Knighton, vel Cnitthon, monachi Leycenstris, ed. by Joseph Rawson Lumby, 2 vols (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889-95), I (1889), pp.460-1.
^ Maurice Keen, The Outlaws of Medieval Legend, rev. ed. (London: Routledge, 2000), p.199: ISBN 0-8020-1612-X
^ Stones, E. L. G. (January 1957). "The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and their Associates in Crime, 1326–1347 1". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 7: 117–136. doi:10.2307/3678889. ISSN 1474-0648. JSTOR 3678889. S2CID 154715565.
^ E.L.G. Stones, 'The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and Their Associates in Crime, 1326-1347', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 77 (1957), pp.117-36.

Works cited

Patent Rolls. Westminster: Parliament of England. 1232–1509.

[FOOTNOTEPatent_Rolls1232–1509-1] Patent Rolls 1232–1509.

[2] Henry Knighton, Chronicon Henrici Knighton, vel Cnitthon, monachi Leycenstris, ed. by Joseph Rawson Lumby, 2 vols (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1889-95), I (1889), pp.460-1.

[3] Maurice Keen, The Outlaws of Medieval Legend, rev. ed. (London: Routledge, 2000), p.199: ISBN 0-8020-1612-X

[4] Stones, E. L. G. (January 1957). "The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and their Associates in Crime, 1326–1347 1". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 7: 117–136. doi:10.2307/3678889. ISSN 1474-0648. JSTOR 3678889. S2CID 154715565.

[:0-5] E.L.G. Stones, 'The Folvilles of Ashby-Folville, Leicestershire, and Their Associates in Crime, 1326-1347', Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 77 (1957), pp.117-36.