Portal:Peru

Republic of Peru
*República del Perú* (Spanish)
Republic of Peru República del Perú (Spanish)
	Flag Coat of arms
Capital	Lima; 12°2.6′S 77°1.7′W / 12.0433°S 77.0283°W / -12.0433; -77.0283
ISO 3166 code	PE

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Introduction

Peru (/pəˈruː/ ^ⓘ pə-ROO; Spanish: Perú [peˈɾu]; Quechua: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]; Aymara: Piruw [pɪɾʊw]), officially the Republic of Peru (ES-pe - República del Perú.ogg), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 32 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km² (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Peruvian territory was home to several cultures during the ancient and medieval periods, and has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE. Notable pre-colonial cultures and civilizations include the Caral-Supe civilization (the earliest civilization in the Americas and considered one of the cradles of civilization), the Nazca culture, the Wari and Tiwanaku empires, the Kingdom of Cusco, and the Inca Empire, the largest known state in the pre-Columbian Americas. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and Charles V established a viceroyalty with the official name of the Kingdom of Peru that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in Lima. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the National University of San Marcos in Lima in 1551.

Peru has a population that includes Mestizos, Amerindians, Europeans, Africans and Asians. The main spoken language is Spanish, although a significant number of Peruvians speak Quechuan languages, Aymara, or other Indigenous languages. This mixture of cultural traditions has resulted in a wide diversity of expressions in fields such as art, cuisine, literature, and music. (Full article...)

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Entries here consist of Good and Featured articles, which meet a core set of high editorial standards.

The Battle of Ollantaytambo (Spanish: Batalla de Ollantaytambo, IPA: [baˈtaʎa ðe oʎantajˈtambo]) took place in January 1537, between the forces of Inca emperor Manco Inca and a Spanish expedition led by Hernando Pizarro during the Spanish conquest of Peru. A former ally of the Spaniards, Manco Inca rebelled in May 1536, and besieged a Spanish garrison in the city of Cusco. To end the stand-off, the besieged mounted a raid against the emperor's headquarters in the town of Ollantaytambo. The expedition, commanded by Hernando Pizarro, included 100 Spaniards and some 30,000 Indian auxiliaries against an Inca army more than 30,000 strong.

There is some controversy over the actual location of the battle; according to some, it took place in the town itself, while Jean-Pierre Protzen and John Hemming argue that the nearby plain of Mascabamba better matches the descriptions of the encounter. In any case, the Inca army managed to hold the Spanish forces from a set of high terraces and flood their position to hinder their cavalry. Severely pressed and unable to advance, the Spaniards withdrew by night to Cusco. Despite this victory, the arrival of Spanish reinforcements to Cusco forced Manco Inca to abandon Ollantaytambo and seek refuge in the heavily forested region of Vilcabamba, where he established the small independent Neo-Inca State which survived until 1572. (Full article...)

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Photo credit: Ericbronder

The Rímac River runs through the Peruvian capital of Lima and is the city's main source of water. One of the oldest bridges spanning the river is the Puente de Piedra (Stone Bridge) built out in stone masonry in the early 17th century. The bridge is still in use and connects the two districts that comprise the Historic Center of Lima: Rímac and Lima Cercado. (more...)

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Selected battle

The Battle of Angamos (8 October 1879) was an important struggle in the War of the Pacific, where the Peruvian ironclad Huáscar was surrounded and captured by the Chilean Navy. The captain of the ironclad, Peruvian Admiral Miguel Grau, was killed in the combat. After this battle, the Peruvian Navy was unable to prevent the invasion of its territorial sea. The seas were cleared for the invasion of Peru and Bolivia. (more...)

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In this month

September 8, 1995 - Anthropologist Johan Reinhard discovers the mummy Juanita near the summit of the volcano Ampato.

September 12, 1982 - The FIVB Women's World Championship Volleyball started in Lima.

September 15, 2007 - The Carancas impact event occurred when a large chondritic meteorite crashed near the village of Carancas.

September 23, 1821 - The National Anthem was first performed publicly in the Theater of Lima after a contest issued earlier that year by José de San Martín.

More anniversaries...

General images

The following are images from various Peru-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 2Peruvian Paso (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 3Map showing the Tacna-Arica dispute and its solution (from History of Peru)
Image 4Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 5The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 6Amerindian woman with child (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 7Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 8Ages pyramid of Peru in 2007 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 9The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 10Peruvian school children with an OLPC XO-1 laptop (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 11The flag of Peru flies over the port of Leticia after the takeover (from History of Peru)
Image 12
Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
-   Peru-Bolivia
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army
    First Provisional Government of Peru
    Northern Peruvian Republic
    Second Provisional Government of Peru
    Provisional Government of Bolivia
    New Peruvian State
    New Bolivian State
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
    De facto borders after the dissolution
    Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
    Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 13Peruvian girls (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 14Historical population of Peru (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 15Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 16Life expectancy in Peru since 1960 by gender (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 17Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 18Plan of the City of Kings (Lima), 1674. (from History of Peru)
Image 19Demonstration in Lima against Manuel Merino, 12 November 2020 (from History of Peru)
Image 20Life expectancy in Peru since 1940 (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 21Chinatown in Lima (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 22Colonial tapestry, late 17th or early 18th century. It was woven by indigenous weavers for a Spanish client, incorporating then-fashionable Chinese imagery. (from History of Peru)
Image 23
Dissolution of Peru-Bolivia:
-   Peru-Bolivia
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army
    First Provisional Government of Peru
    Northern Peruvian Republic
    Second Provisional Government of Peru
    Provisional Government of Bolivia
    New Peruvian State
    New Bolivian State
    Controlled by the United Restoration Army during the restoration
    De facto borders after the dissolution
    Disputed between Peru-Bolivia and Argentina
    Disputed between Bolivia and Argentina
(from History of Peru)
Image 24Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)
Image 25Population map of Peru in 2007 (regional) (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 26The Main Square of Lima during the attempted coup of 1909. (from History of Peru)
Image 27Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 28Sánchez Cerro during the signing ceremony of the new constitution on April 9, 1933. (from History of Peru)
Image 29Battle of Junín, 6 August 1824 (from History of Peru)
Image 30Peru's football team in 1970; the ethnic diversity of Peruvians is visible, with players showing African, Amerindian and European ancestry in various mixes. (from Demographics of Peru)
Image 31Territorial changes after the war (from History of Peru)

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Areas where Shining Path was active in Peru

The internal conflict in Peru is an ongoing armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Maoist guerilla group Shining Path and its remnants. The conflict began on 17 May 1980, and from 1982 to 1997 the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement waged its own insurgency as a Marxist–Leninist rival to the Shining Path.

As fighting intensified in the 1980s, the Peruvian government had one of the worst human rights records in the Western Hemisphere; Peru experienced the most forced disappearances in the world during the period while the Peruvian Armed Forces acted with impunity throughout the conflict, sometimes massacring entire villages. It is estimated that there have been between 50,000 and 70,000 deaths, making it the bloodiest war in Peruvian history, since the European colonization of the country. The high death toll includes many civilian casualties, due to deliberate targeting by many factions. The Indigenous peoples of Peru were specifically targeted by killings, with 75% of those killed speaking Quechuan as their native language. Since 2000, the number of deaths has dropped significantly and recently the conflict has become dormant. (Full article...)

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Did you know (auto-generated) - load new batch

... that Juan José Cabezudo was an openly gay chef and street-food seller in 19th-century Lima?
... that Ariana Orrego was the first Peruvian gymnast to compete at the Olympic Games?
...that the Locumba uprising was thought by many to be a cover for the escape of Vladimiro Montesinos, Peru's de facto leader from 1990 to 2000?
... that Miguelina Acosta Cárdenas played a key role in the fledgling women's movement in Peru in the early 20th century?
... that some prisoners in Peru get tattoos of Sarita Colonia for alleged protection?
... that Swedish naval officer Axel Lagerbielke was imprisoned in Lima for over a year, held in Callao and eventually escaped from Panama on an English packet boat to Jamaica?
... that Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza was Abimael Guzmán's prosecutor before being elected the first Peruvian judge of the International Criminal Court?
... that after 28 years away from public media, José Antonio Álvarez Lima was tapped in 2019 to head the Mexican television channel Canal Once?

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Related portals

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“

A man of knowledge lives by acting, not by thinking about acting.

”

Peruvian-born American author Carlos Castaneda

Wikiquote

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Basic facts & figures

National Symbol	Capital	Currency	Time zone	National Anthem	Language	Population census

Symbols of Peru	City of Lima	Sol		Somos libres	Spanish	33,726,000

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More did you know...

...that the 17th century Cuzco School (painting pictured), centered on Cusco, Peru, is considered the first organized artistic center in the New World?
...that Alan García was reelected as president in the 2006 general election twenty years after a first term marked by economic crisis and social unrest?
...that José Carlos Mariátegui, a journalist, political philosopher, and founder of the Peruvian Socialist Party, was self-taught?
...that around a quarter of all Peruvian Hairless Dogs are actually born with hair?
...that the Quelccaya Ice Cap, the largest glaciated area in the tropics, has lost approximately 20% of its area since 1978?

More did you know facts

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Peru Topics

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Recognized content

This is a list of recognized content, updated weekly by JL-Bot (talk · contribs) (typically on Saturdays). There is no need to edit the list yourself. If an article is missing from the list, make sure it is tagged (e.g. {{WikiProject Peru}}) or categorized correctly and wait for the next update. See WP:RECOG for configuration options.

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WikiProjects


WikiProject Peru

South America	Latin America	Countries

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Assess and prioritise articles (log)
Check for copyvios at Special:Contributions/Priscilla D, tag as {{Db-copyvio}} where appropriate
Create:
Expand: new articles; top importance articles
FAC / FLC: Peru national football team
GAN:
Merge requests: Amazonas before the Inca Empire, Chachapoyas culture
Review: Shining Path, Universitario de Deportes
Translate: National University of San Marcos
Work on Lima, the current article improvement drive
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This list was generated from these rules. Questions and feedback are always welcome! The search is being run daily with the most recent ~14 days of results. Note: Some articles may not be relevant to this project.

Rules | Match log | Results page (for watching) | Last updated: 2023-09-24 22:46 (UTC)

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Alejandro Soto Reyes (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Univero (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2023-09-24, score: 31
Young Pioneers (Peru) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Johnny Conquest (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2023-09-24, score: 31

Bujurquina omagua (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Andrawaag (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2023-09-23, score: 23
Musical Guerrilla Army (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Johnny Conquest (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2023-09-23, score: 31
Support Committees for the Peruvian Revolution (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Johnny Conquest (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 31

Enrique López Albujar Trint (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Prezbo (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2023-09-22, score: 31
Lobariella pallida (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Esculenta (talk · contribs · new pages (88)) started on 2023-09-21, score: 16

Maty's (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Another Believer (talk · contribs · new pages (148)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 15

Pedro Huilca Tecse (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Prezbo (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 31
Orestes Rodríguez Campos (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Prezbo (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 23
Jaime Ayala (journalist) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Prezbo (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 31
Classist Teachers Coordination (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Johnny Conquest (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2023-09-20, score: 31
Pedro Olivieri (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by FerCordova70 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2023-09-19, score: 31

Adrián Saba (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phantom Oficiall (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2023-09-18, score: 23
Ectima thecla (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by André Ribeiro Cardoso (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2023-09-17, score: 16
Patriot governments (Spanish American independence) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Progüvo06 (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2023-09-17, score: 16

Oroya borchersii (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 31

Oroya peruviana (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 31
Carlos Arroyo (footballer) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Fixer88 (talk · contribs · new pages (40)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 23
Paulo Goulart (footballer) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Svartner (talk · contribs · new pages (59)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 15
Haageocereus acranthus (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 31
Haageocereus versicolor (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-16, score: 31
2023 Mexican Congress alien corpses display (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Ainty Painty (talk · contribs · new pages (109)) started on 2023-09-14, score: 16

Browningia amstutziae (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-15, score: 31
Pukara culture (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Calarca (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2023-09-14, score: 31

Isabel María Povea Moreno (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Romano1920 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2023-09-09, score: 23

List of ministers of agriculture of Peru (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Woko Sapien (talk · contribs · new pages (124)) started on 2023-09-12, score: 31
Jennifer Paredes (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Utopes (talk · contribs · new pages (202)) started on 2023-09-12, score: 15
Nivardo Córdova Salinas (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Literaturemostly (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2023-09-12, score: 31

Weberbauerocereus winterianus (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cs california (talk · contribs · new pages (22)) started on 2023-09-11, score: 16

Peru People's Movement (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Johnny Conquest (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2023-09-08, score: 31