Portal:Coffee

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The Coffee Portal

Introduction

Coffee is a beverage brewed from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

The seeds of the Coffea plant's fruits are separated to produce unroasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.

Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has a long history tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. The earliest credible evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage appears in modern-day Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to how it is now prepared for drinking. The coffee beans were procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe. (Full article...)

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Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, is the subject of multiple controversies. Public and employee criticism against the company has come from around the world, including a wide range issues from tax avoidance in Europe, anti-competitive practices in the United States, human rights issues in multiple countries and labor issues involving union busting, questions about pay equity and ethics in partnerships in Africa. (Full article...)

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The following are images from various coffee-related articles on Wikipedia.

Image 1Dutch engraving of Mocha in 1692 (from History of coffee)
Image 2A coffeehouse in Cairo, 18th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 3A Viennese coffeehouse (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 4Moka 2 Cup Coffee Fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 5Monsooned Malabar arabica, compared with green Yirgachefe beans from Ethiopia (from History of coffee)
Image 6Cafés in central Tirana (2017) (from Coffee culture)
Image 7Coffeehouses often sell pastries or other food items. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 8The Grey Owl Coffee shop in Norman, Oklahoma (from Coffeehouse)
Image 9"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", The Illustrated London News, 17 September 1870 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 10A coffeehouse in London, 17th century (from Coffeehouse)
Image 11Rumah Loer, a contemporary-style coffee shop (Indonesian: rumah kopi kekinian) in Palembang, Indonesia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 12Caffè San Marco in Trieste, known for its artists, writers and intellectuals (2014) (from Coffee culture)
Image 13Filter coffee being brewed (from Coffee preparation)
Image 14A shop specialised in drip coffee in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand (from Coffeehouse)
Image 15Dutch coffee-roasting machine, c. 1920 (from Coffee preparation)
Image 16Allow cold brew to steep for 8 to 24 hours (from Coffee preparation)
Image 17Moka pot (from Coffee preparation)
Image 18Café Tortoni is an emblematic café in Buenos Aires. Frequented by Jorge Luis Borges among many other figures of Argentina. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 19Statue of Fernando Pessoa by Lagoa Henriques, next to the A Brasileira café, in Chiado, Lisbon. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 20Home espresso machine without pump (only with steam pressure) (from Coffee preparation)
Image 21A coffee bearer, from the Ottoman quarters in Cairo (1857) (from Coffee culture)
Image 22Roadside café on the summer terrace. Buryatia, Russia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 23The word coffee in various European languages (from Coffeehouse)
Image 24Café Zimmermann, Leipzig (engraving by Johann Georg Schreiber, 1732) (from History of coffee)
Image 25Syrian Bedouin from a beehive village in Aleppo, Syria, sipping the traditional murra (bitter) coffee, 1930 (from History of coffee)
Image 26The Coffee Bearer by John Frederick Lewis (1857) (from History of coffee)
Image 27Family in Söderhamn, Sweden, seated for fika (c. 1916) (from Coffee culture)
Image 28A café in a former church, Utrecht (from Coffeehouse)
Image 29Palestinian women grinding coffee, 1905 (from History of coffee)
Image 30Café Kampela, Helsinki (from Coffeehouse)
Image 31The Federal Coffee Palace, built on Collins Street, Melbourne, in 1888, was the largest and grandest Coffee Palace ever built. It was demolished in 1973. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 32A 1652 handbill advertising coffee for sale in St. Michael's Alley, London (from History of coffee)
Image 33Coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 34Wheel coffee grinder (from Coffee preparation)
Image 35Home espresso machine with pump (from Coffee preparation)
Image 36Drip coffee maker (from Coffee preparation)
Image 37Commercial espresso machine (from Coffee preparation)
Image 38Caffè Florian in Venice (from Coffeehouse)
Image 39A Viennese café (from Coffeehouse)
Image 40A cup of coffee with cheesecake at a cafe in Helsinki, Finland (from Coffee culture)
Image 4118th century French plan of Mocha, Yemen. The Somali, Jewish and European quarters are located outside the citadel. The Dutch, English, Turkish and French trading posts are inside the city walls. (from History of coffee)
Image 42Trieste from where the cappuccino spread (from Coffeehouse)
Image 43Les Deux Magots in Paris, once a famous haunt of French intellectuals (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 44A variation on the moka pot with the upper section formed as a coffee fountain (from Coffee preparation)
Image 45Inside of a kopitiam, Malaysia (from Coffeehouse)
Image 46Caffè Florian in Venice (2015) (from Coffee culture)
Image 47A coffeehouse in Damascus (2003) (from Coffee culture)
Image 48Central European Habsburg coffee house culture: news, coffee, the glass of water and the marble table top (2004) (from Coffee culture)
Image 49Café Mélange, Vienna (from Coffeehouse)
Image 50Coffee break in Belgrade (2013) (from Coffee culture)
Image 51Single serve Vietnamese drip filter (from Coffee preparation)
Image 52A coffee shop at a library in Melbourne (2006) (from Coffee culture)
Image 53In a pour-over, the water passes through the coffee grounds, gaining soluble compounds to form coffee. Insoluble compounds remain within the coffee filter. (from Coffee preparation)
Image 54The Café de Flore in Paris is one of the oldest coffeehouses in the city. It is celebrated for its famous clientele, which included high-profile writers and philosophers. (from Coffeehouse)
Image 55Coffee house culture between Vienna and Trieste: the coffee, the newspaper, the glass of water and the marble tabletop (from History of coffee)
Image 56Coffee plantation (from History of coffee)
Image 57Interior of an espresso bar from Baliuag, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 58Café neon sign in Breda (from Coffeehouse)
Image 59Pope Clement VIII: The Pope who popularised coffee in Europe among Christians (from History of coffee)
Image 60A coffee shop in Angeles City, Philippines (from Coffeehouse)
Image 61Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service, 1836, hard-paste porcelain, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 62Various grinders for coffee and spices (from Coffee preparation)
Image 63Kaffa kalid coffeepot, by French silversmith François-Thomas Germain, 1757, silver with ebony handle, Metropolitan Museum of Art (from History of coffee)
Image 64Caffe Reggio on MacDougal Street in New York City's Greenwich Village which was founded in 1927 (from Coffeehouse)
Image 65Centre Place, Melbourne. Australia and New Zealand have competing claims as being the birthplace of the "flat white". (from Coffeehouse)
Image 66An espresso by the glass in Trieste - in the local dialect "Nero in B" (from Coffee culture)

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... that coffee was first introduced in the Dominican Republic in 1715 and has been a principal crop of small-scale farmers since then?

Other "Did you know" facts...

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Coffee cherry tea is an herbal tea made from the dried skins and/or pulp of the fruit of the coffee plant that remain after the coffee beans have been collected from within. It is also known as cascara, from the Spanish cáscara, meaning "husk". It is similar to a traditional beverage in Yemen and Ethiopia. Starting about 2005 it was independently developed and promoted for export by Salvadoran coffee farmer Aida Batlle. The dried whole fruits are also eaten like raisins.

It is different from cáscara sagrada tea, a powerful plant-based laxative derived from Rhamnus purshiana, which is native to the Pacific Northwest. (Full article...)

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Robusta coffee

Credit: User:DXLINH

Robusta coffee beans after harvesting (right) and after being dried (left)

Did you know (auto-generated)

... that the Claudia Quintet was born out of an incident at alt.coffee?
... that during the October 1980 West Nile campaign, rebels were initially hailed as "liberators", only for them to start looting coffee?
... that Justly Watson died suddenly in 1757 from the effects of poison administered in his coffee, it was believed, by a servant?
... that Monmouth Coffee Company in Covent Garden was one of the foundations for the third wave of coffee in London?
... that the short story collection Drinking Coffee Elsewhere was chosen by John Updike as a selection for the Today Show book club on NBC?
... that the Chronicle of the 20th Century was so heavy that it was said to be "the first coffee table book seriously to threaten the well-being of coffee-tables"?
... that the Highfield Cocoa and Coffee House in Sheffield, England, sold tea, coffee and cocoa at a penny a pint and also provided billiards and reading rooms?
... that Steem peanut butter contained as much caffeine per serving as two cups of coffee?

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Web resources

World Coffee Research – a 501 (c)(5) nonprofit program of the international coffee industry. (Wikipedia article: World Coffee Research)
Coffee Research Foundation – based in Kenya, and founded in 1908
Central Coffee Research Institute – based in Chickmagalur District, India, and founded in 1915

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v t e Coffee
Topics	Economics Fair trade History International Coffee Day Single-origin coffee Third-wave coffee
Production	Coffee production Organic coffee Shade-grown coffee Sustainable coffee List of countries by coffee production Coffee roasting Coffee wastewater Decaffeination Home roasting
Species and varieties	Arabica Benguet Blue Mountain Bonifieur Bourbon Geisha Kona Maracaturra Maragogipe Molokai S795 Sagada Charrieriana Liberica Barako Racemosa Robusta Sulu
Components	Cafestol Caffeic acid Caffeine Coffee bean Furan-2-ylmethanethiol Kahweol
Preparation	AeroPress Arabic coffee Jebena Brewed coffee Chemex Cezve Chorreador Coffeemaker Cold brew nitro Drip coffee Espresso doppio lungo ristretto Espresso machine French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Instant coffee Coffee syrup Knockbox Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot Percolator Turkish coffee Vacuum maker Single-serve coffee container
Coffee drinks	Affogato Americano Beaten coffee Bica Bicerin Black Russian Cà phê sữa đá Café au lait Café com cheirinho Café con leche Café de olla Café Touba Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Caffè mocha Cappuccino Carajillo Coffee cabinet Coffee milk Cortado Café Cubano Dalgona coffee Egg coffee Espresso Flat white Frappé coffee Frappuccino Galão Garoto Gassosa al caffè Iced coffee Indian filter coffee Ipoh white coffee Irish coffee Karsk Kopi Kopi luwak Kopi tubruk Kurdish coffee Latte macchiato Latte Liqueur coffee Long black Lungo Marocchino Mazagran Moretta Oliang Raf coffee Red eye Ristretto Rüdesheimer Kaffee Tenom coffee Turkish coffee White coffee White Russian Wiener Melange Yuenyeung
Organization lists	Bakery cafés Coffee companies Coffeehouses
Lifestyle	Barista Bikini barista Caffè sospeso Coffee break Coffee ceremony of Ethiopia and Eritrea CoffeeCon Coffee culture Coffee cupping Coffee palace Coffeehouse Historical coffeehouses Kopi tiam Latte art Viennese coffee house
Substitutes	Barley coffee Barley tea Barleycup Caro Cereal coffee Chicory Dandelion coffee Inka Maya nut Postum Qishr
Serving vessels	Coffee cup sleeve Cezve Demitasse spoon Tasse à café Zarf
Competitions	United States Barista Championship World Barista Championship World Brewers Cup
Misc.	Coffee and doughnuts Coffee bag Coffee service Coffee leaf rust Coffee wars Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment Canned coffee Coffee vending machine Used coffee grounds Sustainable coffee
Coffee portal Category: Coffee

v t e Coffee production by region
Top 20 producers (2014)	Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Ethiopia Guatemala Honduras India Indonesia Java Ivory Coast Mexico Nicaragua Papua New Guinea Peru Tanzania Thailand Uganda Vietnam
Other cultivators	Angola Bolivia China Cameroon Cuba Democratic Republic of the Congo East Timor Guadeloupe Guam Haiti Jamaica Kenya Laos Martinique Panama Paraguay Philippines Puerto Rico Sri Lanka United States (Hawaii) Venezuela
Lists	List of countries by coffee production List of countries by coffee exports

v t e Coffee in Italy
Roasters	illy Lavazza Massimo Zanetti Beverage Group Caffè Pascucci Caffè del Doge Guglielmo Caffè
Historical Coffeehouses	Antico Caffè Greco Caffè Bardi Caffè-Pasticceria Cova Caffè Florian Caffè Giubbe Rosse Caffè Lavena Caffè Michelangiolo Caffè Quadri Caffè San Marco Caffè Fiorio Caffè Gambrinus Gran Caffè Doney Palazzina Majani, Bologna Pedrocchi Café Antico Caffè Spinnato
People	Alfonso Bialetti Francesco Illy Luigi Lavazza Angelo Moriondo
Technology	Bialetti Caffitaly Cimbali FrancisFrancis De'Longhi Elektra Faema Gaggia La Marzocco Lelit Rancilio Saeco Smeg
Drinks	Affogato Barbajada Bicerin Bombardino Caffè corretto Caffè crema Caffè macchiato Espressino Espresso Lungo Ristretto Doppio Latte macchiato Marocchino Mocaccino Shakerato Gassosa al caffè Moretta
Other	Barista Caffè sospeso Easy Serving Espresso Pod Espresso machine IperEspresso ISSpresso Lavazza A Modo Mio Moka pot Neapolitan flip coffee pot