Pakpak language

Pakpak
Kata Pakpak
Native toIndonesia
RegionSumatra (northern)
EthnicityPakpak, Singkil
Native speakers
(1.2 million cited 1991)[1]
Batak
Language codes
ISO 639-3btd
Glottologbata1294

Pakpak, or Batak Dairi, is an Austronesian language of Sumatra. It is spoken in Dairi Regency, Pakpak Bharat Regency, Parlilitan district of Humbang Hasundutan Regency, Manduamas district of Central Tapanuli Regency, and Subulussalam and Aceh Singkil Regency.

Dairi Batak syllables in Batak script.

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive/
Affricate 		voiceless p t tʃ k
voiced b d dʒ ɡ
Fricative s h
Trill r
Lateral l
Semivowel w j
  • A word-final /k/ can also be heard as a glottal stop [ʔ].

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i u
Mid e ə o
Open a
  • Vowels /i, u, e, o/ can have shortened allophones of [ɪ, ʊ, ɛ, ɔ].[2]

References

  1. ^ Pakpak at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Simbolon, Apul; Tinambunan, Raman; Pardede, Bertha (1978). Fonologi bahasa Batak Dairi. Medan: Proyek Penelitian Institut Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan.

Further reading

  • Sembiring, Matius C.A.; Aiyub, T.; Amillah, R.; Perangin-angin, P. (1993). Morfologi dan Sintaksis Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphology and Syntax of the Pakpak Dairi Language] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. ISBN 979-459-293-5 – via repositori.kemdikbud.go.id.
  • Basaria, Ida (2002). Analisis Morfologi Verba Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphological Analysis of Pakpak Dairi Language Verbs] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara.
  • Kudadiri, Amhar (2010). Morfologi Nomina Bahasa Pakpak [Noun Morphology of the Pakpak Language] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara.
  • Brakel-Papenhuijzen, Clara (2014). Dairi Stories and Pakpak Storytelling. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004261730.
  • Pangaribuan, Mintauli (2017). Analisis Morfologi Verba Transitif Bahasa Pakpak Dairi [Morphological Analysis of Transitive Verbs in the Pakpak Dairi Language] (Thesis) (in Indonesian). Universitas Sumatera Utara.
Pakpak language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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