Protocadherin beta-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PCDHB4gene.[5][6]
This gene is a member of the protocadherin beta gene cluster, one of three related gene clusters tandemly linked on chromosome five. The gene clusters demonstrate an unusual genomic organization similar to that of B-cell and T-cell receptor gene clusters. The beta cluster contains 16 genes and 3 pseudogenes, each encoding 6 extracellular cadherin domains and a cytoplasmic tail that deviates from others in the cadherin superfamily. The extracellular domains interact in a homophilic manner to specify differential cell-cell connections. Unlike the alpha and gamma clusters, the transcripts from these genes are made up of only one large exon, not sharing common 3' exons as expected. These neural cadherin-like cell adhesion proteins are integral plasma membrane proteins. Their specific functions are unknown but they most likely play a critical role in the establishment and function of specific cell-cell neural connections.[6]
References
^ a b cGRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000081818 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ a b cGRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063687 – Ensembl, May 2017
^"Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^"Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^Wu Q, Maniatis T (Jul 1999). "A striking organization of a large family of human neural cadherin-like cell adhesion genes". Cell. 97 (6): 779–90. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80789-8. PMID 10380929. S2CID 6014717.
Nollet F, Kools P, van Roy F (2000). "Phylogenetic analysis of the cadherin superfamily allows identification of six major subfamilies besides several solitary members". J. Mol. Biol. 299 (3): 551–72. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3777. PMID 10835267.
Frank M, Kemler R (2003). "Protocadherins". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 14 (5): 557–62. doi:10.1016/S0955-0674(02)00365-4. PMID 12231349.
Wu Q, Maniatis T (2000). "Large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (7): 3124–9. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.3124W. doi:10.1073/pnas.060027397. PMC16203. PMID 10716726.
Wu Q, Zhang T, Cheng JF, et al. (2001). "Comparative DNA Sequence Analysis of Mouse and Human Protocadherin Gene Clusters". Genome Res. 11 (3): 389–404. doi:10.1101/gr.167301. PMC311048. PMID 11230163.
Vanhalst K, Kools P, Vanden Eynde E, van Roy F (2001). "The human and murine protocadherin-beta one-exon gene families show high evolutionary conservation, despite the difference in gene number". FEBS Lett. 495 (1–2): 120–5. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02372-9. PMID 11322959. S2CID 36671435.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC139241. PMID 12477932.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC528928. PMID 15489334.
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