North Vanuatu languages
| North Vanuatu | |
|---|---|
| Northern Vanuatu | |
| Geographic distribution | Northern Vanuatu |
| Linguistic classification | Austronesian |
| Glottolog | nort3205 |
The North Vanuatu languages form a linkage of Southern Oceanic languages spoken in northern Vanuatu.
Languages
Clark (2009)
Clark (2009)[1] provides the following classification of the North Vanuatu languages, divided into two main geographic areas (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost and Santo). Outlier (aberrant) languages identified by Clark (2009) are in italics.[2]
- North Vanuatu
- Northern (Torres–Banks–Maewo–Ambae–Pentecost)
- Espiritu Santo languages
François (2015)
The following list of 9 "Penama" North Vanuatu languages (that is, the North Vanuatu languages excluding the Torres–Banks and Espiritu Santo languages) is from François (2015:18–21).
| No. | Language | Other names | Speakers | ISO 639-3 | Region |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | Sungwadia | Marino, North Maewo | 500 | mrb | Maewo |
| 19 | Sungwadaga | Central Maewo | 1400 | mwo | Maewo |
| 20 | Baetora | South Maewo, Sungaloge | 1330 | btr | Maewo |
| 21 | East Ambae | Lolovoli, Aoba | 5000 | omb | Ambae |
| 22 | West Ambae | Duidui | 8700 | nnd | Ambae |
| 23 | Raga | Hano | 6500 | lml | Pentecost |
| 24 | Apma | 7800 | app | Pentecost | |
| 25 | Ske | Seke | 300 | ske | Pentecost |
| 26 | Sa | Saa | 3900} | sax | Pentecost |
References
- ^ Clark, Ross (2009). Leo Tuai: A comparative lexical study of North and Central Vanuatu languages. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- ^ The language names used by Clark have often been superseded by other names; in that case, the glottonym used by Clark is indicated in brackets.
- François, Alexandre; Franjieh, Michael; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Schnell, Stefan (2015), "The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu" (PDF), in François, Alexandre; Lacrampe, Sébastien; Franjieh, Michael; Schnell, Stefan (eds.), The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity, Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access, pp. 1–21, ISBN 9781922185235.