North Korea–Turkey relations
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North Korea–Turkey relations (Korean:뛰르끼예-조선민주주의 인민공화국 관계) are the foreign relations between North Korea and Turkey. The Turkish ambassador in Seoul is accredited to North Korea.[1] North Korea's ambassador in Sofia, Bulgaria is accredited to Turkey.[1]
Diplomatic relations
Early contacts between the Koreans and Turks can be traced back to antiquity, when the Göktürks had supported ancient Goguryeo, a Korean kingdom, during their expansion and also assisted them against Tang Chinese forces. As both Göktürks and Goguryeo were threatened by the Tang dynasty of China, they formed a political, economical, and military alliance.[2][3][4] Göktürk soldiers assisted Goguryeo in many battles, including in the war against Silla, another Korean kingdom, and Tang China; this alliance went on extended to the Balhae as well.[5][6][7] Commerce and correspondence was also maintained through the ancient Silk Road after a part of the ancient Oghuz Turks migrated westward and settled in the lands of Anatolia (today Turkey).[8]
Until 2001,[9] North Korea's post-World War II policy toward Turkey was mainly aimed at minimizing cooperation between Turkey and South Korea.[10] In a quest to end its diplomatic and economic isolation,[11] North Korea established diplomatic relations on June 27, 2001.[1]
When the Bush administration determined that North Korea was in violation of the 1994 agreement on North Korea's nuclear weapons program,[12][13] bilateral relations between the two nations have been very limited.[12]
Economic relations
- Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2019.[1]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d "Relations between Turkey and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
- ^ Korea & Turkey
- ^ Gyebaek (계백, 階伯) (d. 660)
- ^ Tarihin En Şaşırtıcı Savaşı: Salsu Zaferi ve Türk-Kore Dostluğunun Temelleri
- ^ Korean History in Maps
- ^ Turkish-Korean brotherhood
- ^ Second Forum of “Gokturk and Goguryeo Relations” in Seoul
- ^ Turkish art shines light on ties with Korea
- ^ A Comprehensive Handbook on Korea: Korea Annual 2004. 41st ed. Seoul: Yonhap News Agency, 2003.
- ^ Yun, Dae-Ho. North Korea s Foreign Policy. Seoul: Research Center for Peace and Unification of Korea, 1991.
- ^ Noland, Marcus. "Life Inside North Korea." Testimony before U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, June 5, 2003. http://foreignsenate.gov/testimony/2003/NolandTestimony030605.pdf[permanent dead link].
- ^ a b United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. North Korea: Status Report on Nuclear Program, Humanitarian Issues, and Economic Reforms. 108th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, DC: GPO, 2004. http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2004/[permanent dead link] DPRKTripReport.pdf.
- ^ Wit, Joel, Daniel Poneman, and Robert Gallucci. Going Critical: The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2004.
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