Newag Impuls

Newag Impuls
Newag Impuls
	Newag Impuls of Koleje Dolnośląskie in Wrocław, Poland
Manufacturer	Newag
Family name	Impuls
Number built	217 (additional 40 are on order)
Capacity	107–218 seats
Operators	Koleje Dolnośląskie; Koleje Śląskie; Koleje Mazowieckie; Koleje Wielkopolskie; Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna; Polregio; Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity); Szybka Kolej Miejska (Warsaw); Ferrovie del Sud Est;
Specifications
Car length	42.4–113.2 m (139 ft 1 in – 371 ft 5 in)
Width	2.84 m (9 ft 4 in)
Height	4.15 m (13 ft 7 in)
Articulated sections	2–6
Maximum speed	160 km/h (99 mph) for electrics and bi-mode version in electric mode; 120–130 km/h (75–81 mph) for diesel and bi-mode version in diesel mode;
Power output	1600–3200 kW for electrics
Electric system(s)	3 kV DC overhead line
Current collector(s)	pantograph
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Newag Impuls is a family of standard-gauge electric, diesel and bi-mode (hybrid) multiple units manufactured by Polish railway rolling stock manufacturer Newag. Manufactured in several versions, they differ in the number of cars and purpose. The company offers several versions: electric 2-car (types 37WE and 37WEa), 3-car (types 36WE, 36WEa, 36WEb, 36WEd), 4-car (type 31WE), 5-car (type 45WE) and 6-car (type 35WE) trainsets, and also diesel and bi-mode 3-car (types 36WEhd and 36WEh, respectively) ones.

By the end of 2020, 190 Impulses were ordered.

Description

The Impuls family of trains are low-floor multiple units equipped with a full interior monitoring system, air-conditioning, passenger information system and can have ticket dispensers if requested.

Their interior is suitable for the needs of passengers with reduced mobility. It features sloping floors, folded steps, broad aisles and a designated space for wheelchairs and bicycles. In the vehicle, motor bogies are used as well as Jacobs bogies (mounted between each two cars). The bogies have a modern gear system and two-stage spring suspension systems that effectively muffles vibrations, thus enhancing comfort while travelling.^[1]

The trains can be built in various configurations. The two-car variant is known as "37WE", three-car "36WE", four-car "31WE", five-car "45WE" and six-car "35WE". The trains can have interiors equipped for commuter and suburban service but also for use on long-distance routes.^[2]

The first design was launched in 2012. One of the trains, produced for Koleje Dolnośląskie, broke the Polish speed record of 211 km/h (131 mph) in 2013 on the test track, on 7 September 2015 a Newag Impuls 45WE unit for Koleje Mazowieckie once again topped this record with what is now the current one, 226 km/h (140 mph), which makes it the fastest passenger train produced in Poland.

Newag launched a second generation of the design, named Impuls II, in 2017 with an order of 14 trainsets from Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna.^[3]

The bi-mode version's top speed is 120 km/h in diesel mode and 160 km/h in electric mode.^[4]

2023 reveal of sabotage

In December 2023, it was revealed that Newag Impuls software had code that purposefully caused breakdowns of trains that were serviced by non-Newag workshops, were inactive for 10 days or fit in other arbitrary conditions, which has been likened to Dieselgate software manipulation. This was discovered by reverse engineers hired by Koleje Dolnośląskie and confirmed by former Polish minister of digital affairs Janusz Cieszyński.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Usage

Country	Owner	Operator	Type	No. of cars	Number	Year
Poland	Koleje Dolnośląskie		31WE	4	10	2013, 2015
			36WEa	3	6	2014–2015
			45WE	5	11	2017
			36WEh	3	2 out of 6	2021–2022
	Koleje Mazowieckie		45WE	5	12	2015
	Koleje Wielkopolskie		36WEhd	3	4 out of 6	2020–2021, 2023
	Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna		36WEd	3	14	2018–2019
	Łódzka Kolej Aglomeracyjna		36WEh	3	0 out of 3	from 2023
	Polregio		31WE	4	3	2017
	PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście		31WE	4	2	2016
	SKM Warszawa		35WE	6	9	2012–2013
			31WEba	4	0 out of 15	from 2022
			45WE	5	6	from 2022
	Lesser Poland Voivodeship	Polregio	36WEa	3	6	2014–2015
		Polregio	31WEb	4	5	2021
		Koleje Małopolskie	31WE	4	8	2016–2017
			45WE	5	5	2016–2017
			31WEb	4	4	2021
	Lublin Voivodeship	Polregio	37WEa	2	8 out of 9	from 2021
	Lubusz Voivodeship	Polregio	31WE	4	3	2014–2015
	Lubusz Voivodeship	Polregio	36WEhd	3	2	2020
	Opole Voivodeship	Polregio	36WEa	3	7	2016–2018
	Pomeranian Voivodeship	Polregio	45WE	5	10	2018–2020
	Silesian Voivodeship	Koleje Śląskie	35WE	6	1	2012
		Koleje Śląskie	36WEa	3	3	2014
		Polregio	36WEa	3	3	2015
	Subcarpathian Voivodeship	Polregio	36WE	3	1	2013
			37WE	2	2	2014
			36WEa	3	1	2015
			36WEdb	3	8	2020
	Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship	Polregio	36WEa	3	6	2014–2015
	Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship	Polregio	31WE	4	2	2018
	Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship	Polregio	37WE	2	1	2015
	West Pomeranian Voivodeship	Polregio	31WE	4	22	2013-2015, 2017–2018
			36WEa	3	18	2017–2018
			36WEh	3	7 out of 12	from 2020
Italy	Ferrovie del Sud Est		36WEb	3	11 out of 15	from 2019

References

^ "Description of Newag Impuls". Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
^ "Description of Newag Impuls". Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-10-10.
^ "First Newag Impuls II EMU nears completion". Railway Gazette International. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
^ "Hybrid Multiple Unit | NEWAG SA". Newag. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
^ Haertle, Adam (2023-12-06). "Dieselgate, but for trains – some heavyweight hardware hacking". BadCyber. Retrieved 2023-12-06.
^ Mateusiak, Tomasz; Cieśla, Łukasz. "Były minister cyfryzacji potwierdza doniesienia Onetu. "Firma Newag potraktowała cyberbronią swoich własnych klientów"". wiadomosci.onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-12-06.
^ Redford; q3k; MrTick (2023-12-28), Breaking "DRM" in Polish trains, retrieved 2024-01-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

Official Newag website

[1] "Description of Newag Impuls". Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

[2] "Description of Newag Impuls". Archived from the original on 2016-03-25. Retrieved 2015-10-10.

[rg-3] "First Newag Impuls II EMU nears completion". Railway Gazette International. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2018.

[4] "Hybrid Multiple Unit | NEWAG SA". Newag. Retrieved 14 July 2021.

[5] Haertle, Adam (2023-12-06). "Dieselgate, but for trains – some heavyweight hardware hacking". BadCyber. Retrieved 2023-12-06.

[6] Mateusiak, Tomasz; Cieśla, Łukasz. "Były minister cyfryzacji potwierdza doniesienia Onetu. "Firma Newag potraktowała cyberbronią swoich własnych klientów"". wiadomosci.onet.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2023-12-06.

[7] Redford; q3k; MrTick (2023-12-28), Breaking "DRM" in Polish trains, retrieved 2024-01-06{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)