Nangong Kuo (disciple of Confucius)

Nangong Kuo
Yuan Dynasty depiction of Nangong Kuo
Traditional Chinese南宮括
Simplified Chinese南宫括
Courtesy Name
Chinese子容
Nan Rong
Chinese南容
Nangong Tao
Traditional Chinese南宮韜
Simplified Chinese南宫韬
Posthumous Titles
Count of Tan
Chinese郯伯
Marquis of Gongqiu
Traditional Chinese龔丘侯
Simplified Chinese龚丘侯
Marquis of Ruyang
Traditional Chinese汝陽侯
Simplified Chinese汝阳侯

Nangong Kuo (fl. 5th century BC), commonly known as Nan Rong and also known by his courtesy name Zirong and as Nangong Tao, was a major disciple of Confucius.[1][2][3] Commending Nangong Kuo as a gentleman of virtue, Confucius gave the student his niece in marriage.[1]

Life

Nangong Kuo was a native of the state of Lu.[3] His dates of birth and death are not known.[1]

The Analects (14.5) records Nangong Kuo's observation that Hou Yi and Ao (奡), powerful military leaders, both ended up being killed; while Yu the Great and Hou Ji, men who took care of the land, ended up with "possession of the world."[4] Confucius commended Nangong as a junzi, a gentleman of virtue.[4] He gave his niece, the daughter of his elder brother Mengpi, to Nangong in marriage.[1][3][5]

When Nangong Kuo was serving Duke Ai of Lu, a fire broke out at the palace. While others attempted to secure the contents of the treasury, Nangong focussed on saving the palace library. He was then credited with the preservation of the state's copy of the Rites of Zhou, among other ancient texts.[2]

Nangong Jingshu

Some scholars identify Nangong Kuo with Nangong Jingshu (南宮敬叔), the younger son of Meng Xizi, head of the powerful Mengsun clan of Lu,[1][2] but this identification is disputed by others.[6] Meng Xizi was an admirer of Confucius and, on his deathbed, he urged his two sons, Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu, to study with the Master, which they did.[1] Nangong Jingshu was largely responsible for Confucius' journey to the court of the Zhou king to study the rites and songs there.[1][2]

Posthumous titles

During the Tang dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong posthumously awarded Nangong Kuo the title of Count of Tan. During the Song dynasty, he was further awarded the titles of Marquis of Gongqiu and Marquis of Ruyang.[7]

References

Citations

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Confucius 1997, p. 205.
  2. ^ a b c d Legge 2009, p. 119.
  3. ^ a b c d Han 2010, pp. 4617–8.
  4. ^ a b Confucius & Slingerland 2006, pp. 41–2.
  5. ^ Yang Bojun postulates that Mengpi was likely dead at the time, which explains why Confucius chose the husband for his niece.[3]
  6. ^ Cai 1992, pp. 150–1.
  7. ^ Wu Xiaoyun. 南宮括 [Nangong Kuo] (in Chinese). Taipei Confucian Temple. Retrieved 10 November 2014.

Bibliography

  • Cai, Renhou (1992). 孔門弟子志行考述 (in Chinese). Taiwan Commercial Press. ISBN 978-957-05-0523-8.
  • Confucius (1997). Huang, Chichung (ed.). The Analects of Confucius. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-506157-4.
  • Confucius; Slingerland, Edward (2006). The Essential Analects: Selected Passages with Traditional Commentary. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 9781603843461.
  • Han, Zhaoqi (2010). "Biographies of the Disciples of Confucius". Shiji 史记 (in Chinese). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 978-7-101-07272-3.
  • Legge, James (2009). The Confucian Analects, the Great Learning & the Doctrine of the Mean. Cosimo. ISBN 978-1-60520-644-8.
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