Mykolaiv, Lviv Oblast

Mykolaiv
Миколаїв
Миколаїв над Дністром
Mykolaiv nad Dnistrom
City
Church of Saint Nicholas
Church of Saint Nicholas
Flag of Mykolaiv
Flag
Coat of arms of Mykolaiv
Coat of arms
Mykolaiv is located in Lviv Oblast
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv
Location of Mykolaiv in Ukraine
Mykolaiv is located in Ukraine
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 49°31′29″N 23°58′44″E / 49.52472°N 23.97889°E / 49.52472; 23.97889
Country Ukraine
OblastLviv Oblast
RaionStryi Raion
HromadaMykolaiv urban hromada
Founded1570
Town rights1570
Population
 (2022)
 • Total14,498
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Mykolaiv (Ukrainian: Миколаїв, also referred to as Mykolayiv, Polish: Mikołajów) is a city in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) in western Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Mykolaiv urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[1] The population is approximately 14,498 (2022 estimate).[2]

To distinguish Mykolaiv from the much larger southern city, the former is sometimes called Mykolaiv on Dniester (Ukrainian: Миколаїв над Дністром, Mykolaiv nad Dnistrom)[3] after the major river it situated on (while the latter is located on the Southern Buh, another major river). The closest railway station is officially called Mykolaiv-Dnistrovskyi.

History

The territory of modern Mykolaiv Raion, Lviv Oblast formed part of the Kingdom of Poland since the reign of King Casimir III the Great. For a short period, between 1370 and 1387, it was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, before being reintegrated with Poland. In 1570 near the former Polish royal village Drohowyż,[4] chorąży (ensign) of Przemyśl, Polish nobleman Mikołaj Tarło [pl] founded the town which was named Mikołajów after him. The Topór coat of arms of the Tarło family is included within the town's coat of arms. By virtue of a privilege issued in February 1570, Polish King Sigismund II Augustus granted it Magdeburg town rights, established two annual fairs and exempted the town from taxes for 20 years.[4] It was a private town of Poland, its first owner was Mikołaj Tarło. In 1576, King Stephen Báthory confirmed these privileges and allowed the production of vodka.[4] In 1593, after a fire, King Sigismund III Vasa exempted Mikołajów from taxes again.[4] By 1595 it belonged to the Polish diplomat Jerzy Mniszech, who in 1607 founded a Catholic parish here.[4] In 1636 the church of Saint Nicholas was consecrated.[4]

In 1772, following the First Partition of Poland, the town was annexed by the Habsburg Empire, where it remained until late 1918. In the interwar period, it returned to Poland, and belonged to the Stanisławów Voivodeship. After the invasion of Poland it was under Soviet occupation from 1939 to 1941.[5] In June 1941 the NKVD murdered an unknown number of Poles and Ukrainians in a local prison.[5] After that, the town was from 1941 to 1944 under German occupation.[5] At that time, the Polish Home Army underground resistance movement operated here.[5] During the second period of Soviet occupation in 1944–1945, the Soviets deported Polish inhabitants deep into the Soviet Union.[5] After the war, in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, it was taken from Poland and annexed by the Soviet Union, where it was included in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

Until 18 July 2020, Mykolaiv was the administrative center of Mykolaiv Raion. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Mykolaiv Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.[6][7]

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[8]

Language Number Percentage
Ukrainian 14 554 98.44%
Russian 204 1.38%
Other or undecided 26 0.18%
Total 14 784 100.00%

Notable people

In 1837, Polish romantic writer Walery Łoziński was born here. Uliana Kravchenko a Ukrainian educator, writer, and the first Galician woman to publish a book of poetry was born here in 1860.[9]

Transport

Through the city runs European route E471 which connects Mukachevo in Zakarpattia Oblast with Lviv. The city also has a train station.

Gallery

  • Mykolaiv Cement Factory
    Mykolaiv Cement Factory
  • Preserved old townhouse
    Preserved old townhouse
  • Local museum
    Local museum
  • Mykolaiv Monument to Shevchenko
    Mykolaiv Monument to Shevchenko
  • Church of Saint Nicholas
    Church of Saint Nicholas
  • Church of Saint Nicholas (Greek Catholic)
    Church of Saint Nicholas (Greek Catholic)
  • Mykolaiv Tall
    Mykolaiv Tall
  • Mykolaiv monument to the potter
    Mykolaiv monument to the potter
  • Exposition of the museum of U. Kravchinko and M. Ustyanovich
    Exposition of the museum of U. Kravchinko and M. Ustyanovich
  • The old view of the city in 1908-1912
    The old view of the city in 1908-1912
  • Mykolaiv
    Mykolaiv
  • Coat of arms of the city of Mykolaiv
    Coat of arms of the city of Mykolaiv

References

  1. ^ "Николаевская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  2. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  3. ^ "VI Книжкова толока 2012. 70 років УПА".
  4. ^ a b c d e f Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom VI, Warsaw, 1885, p. 403-404 (in Polish)
  5. ^ a b c d e "Mikołajów". Encyklopedia PWN (in Polish). Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 2020-07-18. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  7. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України.
  8. ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" (in Ukrainian).
  9. ^ "Kravchenko, Uliana". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
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