Mount Zuqualla
| Tulluu Cuqqaalaa | |
|---|---|
| Zuquala, Zikwala, Cuqqaalaa | |
 | |
| Highest point | |
| Elevation | 2,989 m (9,806 ft)[1] |
| Listing | Volcanoes of Ethiopia |
| Coordinates | 8°33′N 38°52′E / 8.550°N 38.867°E / 8.550; 38.867 |
| Geography | |
| Geology | |
| Mountain type | Stratovolcano |
| Last eruption | Pleistocene[1] |
| Climbing | |
| Easiest route | Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa and Bishoftu |
Mount Zuqualla (also spelled Zuquala, Zikwala or Chuqqaala) is an extinct volcano in the Oromia Region of Ethiopia. Situated in Ada'a Chukala woreda of the (East) Shewa Zone, it rises from the plain 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of Bishoftu. With a height of 2,989 metres (9,806 ft), it is known for its crater lake, lake Dembel, an elliptical crater lake with a maximum diameter of about one kilometre, but the trail around the crater is about 6 km long.[2]
History
Both the mountain and the lake is a holy site to the Oromo living nearby.[3] The ambivalent attitude regarding the holiness of the mountain is seen in the Oromo proverb: "Those who live far away worship it, those who live nearby plow it."
The lake in the crater has an island Tulluu Irreechaa, said to have been founded by Abba Gadaa of Tuulama on the site of a hermitage used by Saint Mercurius. This monastery was destroyed, and a church at the foot of the mountain looted, by Imam Ahmad Gragn in 1531; two churches were later built at the monastery, one dedicated to St Gebre Menfas built by Menelik II in 1880 and designed by the Italian Sebastian Castagna, and the other dedicated to Kidane Mihret built during the reign of Haile Selassie.[2] Various other holy sites are found around the mountain, mostly rock formations, while the monastery is the site of a biannual festival.
The explorers Orazio Antinori, Antonelli and Antonio Cecchi used Zuqualla to determine various geographical locations in May 1881. Dr Scott, on behalf of Cambridge University and the British Museum, secured a large and valuable entomological collection near Zuqualla in 1926. Three of the leaders of the attempted 1960 Ethiopian coup fled to Zuqualla from the capital, where the Moja family had land. Two of them lost their lives 24 December while Mengistu Neway, seriously wounded, was captured and brought to the capital for trial.[2]
References
- ^ a b "Zikwala". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
- ^ a b c Compiled by Bernhard Lindahl. "Local History in Ethiopia" (PDF). The Nordic Africa Institute. p. 4. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
- ^ Henze, Paul B. (2000). Layers of Time, A History of Ethiopia. New York: Hurst & Company. p. 8. ISBN 9781850655220.
External links
- Aerial photo of Mount Zuquala and its crater lake
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