Mohamed Amekrane
Mohamed Amekrane | |
|---|---|
محمد أمقران | |
 Mohamed Oufkir, Minister of Defence (right), with Lt-Colonel Mohamed Amekrane (left), inspecting pilots at Kenitra Air Base. | |
| Born | 1938 |
| Died | 13 January 1973 |
| Cause of death | Execution by firing squad |
| Nationality | Moroccan |
| Occupation | Airforce officer |
| Known for | 1972 coup attempt |
Mohamed Amekrane (Arabic: محمد أمقران; 1938 – 13 January 1973) was a Moroccan air force officer who was executed after the 1972 coup attempt against King Hassan II of Morocco, known as the "coup of the aviators".
Background
Mohamed Amekrane was born in the Rif in 1938. In 1963 he married Malika Amekrane (born 12 August 1939), a German national. They had two children. Rashid was born on 3 February 1964 and Yasmina was born on 26 February 1965.[1] Lieutenant Colonel Amekrane became the commander of the Moroccan air force base at Kenitra. His command included Northrop F-5 fighter jets supplied by the U.S.[2]
Coup attempt
In 1972 the Minister of National Defense, Mohamed Oufkir, launched a scheme to assassinate King Hassan II of Morocco. He was assisted by Amekrane and another senior officer.[2] Amekrane's motives appear to have been patriotic, directed against the elite whom he considered to have looted his country following independence.[3]
On 16 August 1972 King Hassan II was returning from a trip to France in a Boeing 727 passenger airplane. Four F-5 jets from the Kenitra base attacked the king's plane when it entered Moroccan air space, but although it was hit by many bullets it was not disabled and the king was unhurt.[2] The passenger plane was able to land safely at Rabat-Salé Airport.[2] Later, airforce units attacked the Rabat-Salé Airport and the Royal Palace of Rabat, causing some deaths.[1]
Aftermath
The same evening Oufkir was called to the palace, where he died of multiple bullet wounds. His death was officially said to have been from suicide.[2] After learning that the attack had failed, Amekrane ordered the crew of a helicopter to transport him and another officer to Gibraltar, where he requested asylum.[1] At first they were held in the officers mess, but later were imprisoned in Lathbury Barracks. They were told this was for their own protection. After brief negotiations between the British and Moroccan governments, a Moroccan air force unit landed in Gibraltar and took the fugitives back to Morocco. The British Foreign Secretary Sir Alec Douglas-Home later said that it was agreed they would not be executed.[1]
Amekrane was tried and sentenced to death by a Moroccan court. He was executed by firing squad on 13 January 1973.[1] He was buried at Chefchaouen on 15 January 1973. A large crowd attended his funeral.[4] Eleven pilots were sentenced to death after a short trial. Thirty-five others were given prison terms, which they served in solitary confinement in Tazmamart prison in the southeastern desert.[5]
The day after the attempted coup, Malika Amekrane left the country with her children and went into hiding.[1] She appealed to the British for compensation under the European Convention on Human Rights. The British denied liability but made an ex-gratia payment of £37,500.[6]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f Cour européenne des droits de l'homme 1973.
- ^ a b c d e Miller 2013, p. 177.
- ^ Bernichi 2004, p. 25.
- ^ Audland 1975, p. 366.
- ^ Miller 2013, p. 178.
- ^ Døcker 2013.
Sources
- Audland, C.J. (1 November 1975). European Convention on Human Rights Year: 1973. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-247-1784-2. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- Bernichi, Loubna (15 July 2004). ""J'aurais marché avec le colonel Amekrane"" (PDF). Maroc Hebdo. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- Cour européenne des droits de l'homme (1973-10-11). "AMEKRANE et autres contre le ROYAUME-UNI". Juricaf. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- Døcker, Henrik (2013). "Amekrane". Take Part Too. Archived from the original on 2007-10-09. Retrieved 2013-05-08.
- Miller, Susan Gilson (2013-04-15). A History of Modern Morocco. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81070-8. Retrieved 2013-05-09.