Miho funerary couch
| Miho funerary couch | |
|---|---|
 Turkic horsemen with long hair on the Miho funerary couch. Circa 570 CE. Northern Dynasties, China.[1][2] | |
| Created | Circa 570 CE.[3][4] |
| Discovered | Northern China |
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| Sogdian tombs in China | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Miho funerary couch is a Northern Dynasties period (439-589 CE) funeral monument to a Sogdian nobleman and official in northern China.[1] The tomb is now located in the collections of the Miho Museum.[1] Its structure is similar to that of the Anyang funerary bed.[1] It has been dated to circa 570 CE.[3] It is rumoured to have been excavated in Taiyuan in the 1980s, before being sold on the American art market.[5]
The tomb
The stone couch is composed of 11 stone slabs and 2 gate pillars, decorated with reliefs showing the life of the deceased and scenes of the afterlife.[1] Many elements of Zoroastrianism appear in the reliefs.[1]
The owner of the tomb was probably in charge of commercial affairs for foreign merchants from Middle Asia doing businesses in China, as well as Zoroastrian affairs. He probably held the official Chinese title "Sàbǎo" (薩保, "Protector, Guardian", derived from the Sogdian word s’rtp’w, "caravan leader"), used for government-appointed leaders of the Sogdian immigrant-merchant community.[1][6]
Ethnographical aspects
Numerous Turkic men appear in the reliefs of the Miho funerary couch.[1][3] As for the Tomb of An Jia, the depictions in the tomb show the omnipresence of the Turks (at the time of the First Turkic Khaganate), who were probably the main trading partners of Sogdian merchants.[3] The Hephthalites are essentially absent from the Tomb of An Jia, but appear in four panels of the Miho funerary couch with somewhat caricatural features and characteristics of vassals to the Turks.[7] The Hephthalites probably had been replaced by Turk hegemony by that time (they were destroyed by the alliance of the Sasanians and the Turks between 556 and 560 CE).[3] In contrast, the Hephthalites are omnipresent in the Tomb of Wirkak, who, although he died at the same time of An Jia was much older at 85: Wirkak may therefore have primarily dealt with the Hephthalites during his active years.[3]
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Türks in the Kazakh steppe.[8]
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Miho couch central panel, with Zoroastrian fire ceremony scene.[9]
![Türks in the Kazakh steppe.[8]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Turanid_looking_Western_Gokturk%E2%80%93Ak-Hun_Turkic_men,_Miho_Museum.jpg/1280px-Turanid_looking_Western_Gokturk%E2%80%93Ak-Hun_Turkic_men,_Miho_Museum.jpg)
![Miho couch central panel, with Zoroastrian fire ceremony scene.[9]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Miho_couch_central_panel.jpg/1280px-Miho_couch_central_panel.jpg)
External links
- Miho funerary couch (Miho museum)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Inagaki, Hajime. Galleries and Works of the MIHO MUSEUM. Miho Museum. pp. 120–124.
- ^ Yatsenko, Sergey A. (August 2009). "Early Turks: Male Costume in the Chinese Art". Transoxiana. 14.
- ^ a b c d e f Grenet, Frantz; Riboud, Pénélope (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephthalite Empire: The Biographical Narra- tive in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494-579)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 141–142.
- ^ Late 6th to early 7th centuries in "Relief Carvings from a Funerary Couch - MIHO MUSEUM". www.miho.jp.
- ^ GRENET, Frantz (2020). Histoire et cultures de l'Asie centrale préislamique. Paris, France: Collège de France. p. 324. ISBN 978-2-7226-0516-9.
- ^ Xu, Jin 徐津 (1 January 2019). "The Funerary Couch of An Jia and the Art of Sogdian Immigrants in Sixth-century China". The Burlington Magazine.
- ^ GRENET, FRANTZ; RIBOUD, PÉNÉLOPE (2003). "A Reflection of the Hephtalite Empire: The Biographical Narrative in the Reliefs of the Tomb of the Sabao Wirkak (494–579)". Bulletin of the Asia Institute. 17: 138. ISSN 0890-4464. JSTOR 24049311.
- ^ Mierse, William E. (1 December 2022). Artifacts from the Ancient Silk Road. ABC-CLIO. p. 126. ISBN 978-1-4408-5829-1. "In the upper scene, long-haired Turkic servants attend an individual seated inside the yurt proper, and in the lower scene, hunters are seen riding down game. The setting must be the Kazakh steppes over which the Turks had taken control from the Hepthalites."
- ^ Huang, Bing (December 2021). "Deciphering the Shi Jun Sarcophagus Using Sogdian Religious Beliefs, Tales, and Hymns". Religions. 12 (12): 1060. doi:10.3390/rel12121060. ISSN 2077-1444.