Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava

Seat Fortress of Suceava
Romanian: Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei
Suceava, Suceava County, Bukovina, Moldavia in Romania
Suceava Seat Fortress as seen during nighttime (spring 2015)
Entrance within the Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava, straight from the access bridge, as seen in September 2009. The main keep can be seen in the background as well.
Coordinates47°38′42″N 26°16′13″E / 47.6449°N 26.2703°E / 47.6449; 26.2703
TypeCastle/royal fortress (Romanian: Reședință regală)
Site information
OwnerMinistry of Culture
ConditionRenovated and very well preserved
WebsiteOfficial website (in Romanian, English, German, and Hungarian)
Site history
BuiltLate 14th century
Built byInitially built at the orders of Peter I (Romanian: Petru Mușat), later fortified by Stephen III (also known as Stephen the Great; Romanian: Ștefan cel Mare), and subsequently rebuilt by Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer.
The royal seat of the Moldavian rulers for centuries during the Late Middle Ages as well as an impressive and imposing medieval stronghold at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe which had successfully survived several sieges and was never conquered by its enemies/invaders.[1]

The Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava (Romanian: Cetatea Medievală de Scaun a Sucevei or Cetatea Sucevei; German: Sotschen Festung or Festung Suceava)[2] is a fortified castle in the middle-sized town of Suceava, the county seat town of Suceava County, situated in the historical regions of Bukovina and Moldavia, northeastern Romania.

The castle served as the royal seat fortress for the Princes of Moldavia (Romanian: Domnitori or Domni) during the late Middle Ages. Nowadays, it is a tourist attraction of Suceava. It has been further renovated through a REGIO programme based on European Union (EU) funds.[3] The Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava is also a historic monument officially listed by the Ministry of Culture of Romania.[4]

History

The castle was built during the late 14th century during the reign of Petru Mușat. It was subsequently more fortified in the time of Alexander I and Stephen III (Romanian: Ștefan cel Mare). During the Late Middle Ages, it was part of a system of medieval strongholds built by the Moldavian monarchs in order to withstand the expansionist threat of the Ottoman Empire. For the time during which the town of Suceava served as the capital of Moldavia, namely between 1388 and 1565, the castle also served as princely residence.[5]

Alexandru Lăpușneanu subsequently moved the capital to Iași in 1565 and so the castle lost its status and consequently fell into a long period of decay. Although it has never been conquered by its invaders, regardless from where they stemmed, the castle was destroyed Dumitrașcu Cantacuzino.[6] Following its destruction, it was abandoned for approximately 300 years.[7]

After the northern highlands of the former medieval Principality of Moldavia were annexed by the Habsburg monarchy following the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca during the late 18th century and became henceforth known as Bukovina (German: Bukowina or Buchenland), the castle was eventually repaired by Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer, who raised its defensive walls from ruin and also worked on its keep during the late 19th century and early 20th century.[8][9]

During the late 20th century, more specifically throughout the 1960s (i.e. in communism), there have also been a series of restoration and consolidation works carried out on the surface of the castle.[10]

Heraldic on display in the castle

The heraldic symbols on display in the castle pertain to the Moldavian nobility of the Late Middle Ages (Romanian: Evul Mediu târziu), more specifically to the Moldavian rulers. The most common heraldry is the coat of arms of Stephen III the Great (who was also given the title Athleta Christi by Pope Sixtus IV for defending Europe against the Ottoman Turks at the Battle of Vaslui in 1475).[11]

  • The coat of arms of Stephen the Great
    The coat of arms of Stephen the Great
  • The coat of arms of Stephen the Great, displayed as a round shield
    The coat of arms of Stephen the Great, displayed as a round shield

Digital facilities

The castle disposes of entertaining digital facilities that enable a real-time simulation of the outfits of its visitors into medieval costumes, ascribing them a medieval title in the process (e.g. soldier or merchant).[12]

Visiting areas

The castle can be visited both in the inner courtyard, in the main keep, in the cellars, in the throne room, and on the surrounding defensive walls.[13]

Geography

The Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava is located on the eastern ridge of the town of Suceava, overlooking the town. It was constructed on a plateau that rises 70 metres above the river meadow of Suceava (Romanian: Lunca Sucevei).[14] It is surrounded by trees on all sides and by a nearby forest both to the west and east.

Bucovina Rock Castle

Aside from its tourist attraction and historical statuses, the Medieval Seat Fortress of Suceava had also been the site of a yearly rock music festival entitled Bucovina Rock Castle in the recent past, a festival where both national and international rock artists and bands performed.[15] A major international rock artist who had performed at the Bucovina Rock Castle was Dutch jazz fusion and progressive rock guitarist Jan Akkerman of Focus in 2015.[16]

Ștefan cel Mare Medieval Art Festival

On a yearly basis, the Ștefan cel Mare medieval art festival is held in the fortress. The festival consists of jousts, pyrotechnic and laser shows, medieval singing and dancing, fight scenes, drama plays for children, archery, stuns with horses, interactive activities, or various contests.[17]

Trivia

The former football club FC Cetatea Suceava was named in honour of the castle. The club was active from 2004 until 2010 and played on the local Areni stadium.[18]

Gallery

  • Elevated view of the Seat Fortress of Suceava (2015)
    Elevated view of the Seat Fortress of Suceava (2015)
  • The Seat Fortress of Suceava at night (2015)
    The Seat Fortress of Suceava at night (2015)
  • The town of Suceava as seen from the Seat Fortress of Suceava during day time in 2014
    The town of Suceava as seen from the Seat Fortress of Suceava during day time in 2014
  • The construction plan of the Seat Fortress of Suceava on display on a panel before the entrance in the fortress
    The construction plan of the Seat Fortress of Suceava on display on a panel before the entrance in the fortress
  • Old sketch depicting the fortress' plan according to Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer, in a book by Romanian military historian Radu R. Rosetti
    Old sketch depicting the fortress' plan according to Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer, in a book by Romanian military historian Radu R. Rosetti
  • A modern, digital representation of the 1901 plan of the fortress according to Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer
    A modern, digital representation of the 1901 plan of the fortress according to Austrian architect Karl Adolf Romstorfer

References

  1. ^ Ramona Ciortescu (21 February 2015). "Suceava Citadel – The Unconquered Fortress Of Moldavia". Romania Journal.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Galizien und Bukowina 2016". Historischer Verein für Steiermark (in German). 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2023.
  3. ^ Redacția website-ului Regio (8 August 2014). "Noutati - Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei, restaurata prin REGIO, a fost redeschisa pentru turisti". Regio's official website (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  4. ^ Ministerul Culturii (2015). "Lista monumentelor istorice din județul Suceava 2015" (PDF). Institutul Național al Patrimoniului (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Scurt istoric al Sucevei". Primăria Municipiului Suceava (in Romanian). 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  6. ^ Andreea Daniela. "Cetatea Sucevei". Discover Romania (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  7. ^ Ioana Scholler (13 June 2021). "Cetatea Sucevei, una dintre cele mai emblematice atracții ale Bucovinei". Descopera.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  8. ^ Dragușanul.ro. "Romstorfer, vienezul care a îndatorat Bucovina". Drăgușanul (in Romanian). Retrieved 8 March 2020.
  9. ^ Oana Șlemco. "Karl Romstorfer, austriacul care a salvat monumentele Sucevei. "A fost mai român decât mulţi români"". Ziarul Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 9 August 2020.
  10. ^ "Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei, fortificația care nu a fost cucerită vreodată". Historia.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  11. ^ Profu' de Istorie (9 January 2019). "Ştefan cel Mare – "Athleta Christi"". Materiale de istorie (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei". Aventură în România (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  13. ^ "Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei, un obiectiv turistic care îmbină istoria și tehnologiile moderne". Lumea Satului (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Cetatea de Scaun a Sucevei". Infoturism.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 28 May 2023.
  15. ^ "Bucovina Rock Castle". Bucovina Rock Castle's official website (in Romanian). Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  16. ^ Redacția website-ului Drăgușanul. "Jan Akkerman, la Bucovina Rock Castle 2015". Drăgușanul.ro (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 January 2023.
  17. ^ Consiliul Județean Suceava. "Festivalul de Artă Medievală „Ștefan cel Mare" din Suceava". Visiting Bucovina (in Romanian). Retrieved 30 January 2023.
  18. ^ "Echipa de fotbal Cetatea Suceava a incetat sa mai existe". Romanian Soccer (in Romanian). 4 February 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2023.
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