List of wildflowers of Soldiers Delight
The Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area, consists of about 1,900 acres (7.7 km2) of land in Owings Mills, Maryland, USA.[1][2][3] Much of the area of Soldiers Delight contains a serpentine barren that contains a number of rare and endangered species of plants.[4] [5]
The following list of herbaceous plants is based greatly on the work of Ed Uebel[6] and comes from the publications by Fleming et al. 1995,[7] Monteferrante 1973,[8] Reed 1984,[9] Wennerstrom 1995,[10] and the unpublished data by Worthley 1955-1985.[11]
List of Wildflowers of the Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area
Division Magnoliophyta - Angiosperms
Class Magnoliopsida - Dicotyledons
Amaranthaceae - (Amaranth Family)
- Amaranthus retroflexus L. - Pigweed[8]
- Daucus carota L. - Queen Anne's lace[8][10][11]
Apocynaceae - (Dogbane Family)
- Apocynoideae - Subfamily
- Apocynum androsaemifolium L. - Spreading dogbane[8][11]
- Apocynum cannabinum L. - Indian hemp[8][11]
- Asclepiadoideae - Subfamily
- Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. - Blunt-leaved milkweed[11]
- Asclepias incarnata L. - Swamp milkweed[11]
- Asclepias syriaca L. - Common milkweed[8][10]
- Asclepias verticillata L. - Whorled milkweed[7][8][9][10][11]
- Asclepias viridiflora Raf. - Green milkweed[7][8][9][10]
Asteraceae - (Aster Family)
- Achillea millefolium L. - Yarrow[8][11]
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. - Common ragweed[8][11]
- Ambrosia trifida L. - Giant ragweed [M, Wo][8][11]
- Ageratina altissima Houtt. - White snakeroot[8][10][11]
- Ageratina aromatica L. - Aromatic thoroughwort[9]
- Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. - Pearly everlasting[11]
- Antennaria plantaginifolia L. Hook. - Plantain-leaf pussytoes[8][9][10][11]
- Anthemis arvensis L. - Field chamomile[11]
- Anthemis cotula L. - Mayweed, dogfennel[11]
- Aster tataricus L.f. - Tatarian aster[11]
- Bidens bipinnata L. - Spanish needles[11]
- Bidens frondosa L. - Devil's beggartick[11]
- Bidens polylepis S.F.Blake - Tickseed sunflower[8][9][11]
- Carduus nutans L. - Musk thistle[8]
- Leucanthemum vulgare L. - Ox-eye daisy[8][11]
- Chrysopsis mariana (L.) Elliott - Maryland golden aster[11]
- Cichorium intybus L. – Chicory[10][11]
- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. - Canada thistle[11]
- Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. - Field thistle [Hand-out]
- Cirsium horridulum Michx. - Yellow thistle[11]
- Cirsium muticum Michx. - Swamp thistle[7][8][9]
- Erechtites hieraciifolius (L.) Raf. - Pilewort, fireweed[11]
- Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. - Daisy or Annual Fleabane[8][11]
- Erigeron canadensis (L.) Cronquist - Horseweed[8][11]
- Erigeron pulchellus Michx. - Robin's Plantain[11]
- Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. - Daisy Fleabane[8][11]
- Eupatorium altissimum L. - Tall Thoroughwort[9]
- Eupatorium perfoliatum L. - Boneset[8][10][11]
- Eutrochium fistulosum Barratt - Joe-pye weed[8][9][10]
- Eupatorium sessilifolium L. - Upland boneset[11]
- Eurybia divaricata (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster divaricatus) - White wood aster[11]
- Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees (Syn. Aster schreberi) - Schreber's aster[11]
- Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. (Syn. Solidago graminifolia) - Lance-leaf goldenrod[8][10][11]
- Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav. - Galinsoga[11]
- Helenium autumnale L. - Yellow sneezeweed[11]
- Helianthus annuus L. - Sunflower[11]
- Helianthus decapetalus L. - Thin-leaf sunflower[9][11]
- Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet - Ox-eye[8]
- Hieracium caespitosum Dumort - Yellow king devil[11]
- Hieracium gronovii L. - Hairy hawkweed[9]
- Hieracium paniculatum L. - Panicled Hawkweed[11]
- Hieracium scabrum Michx. - Rough Hawkweed[11]
- Hieracium venosum L. - Rattlesnake Weed[8][9][11]
- Ionactis linariifolia (L.) Greene (Syn. Aster linariifolius) - Flax-leaf white-top aster[11]
- Krigia virginica (L.) Willd. – Dwarf dandelion[11]
- Lactuca saligna L. – Willow-leaf lettuce[11]
- Lactuca serriola L. – Prickly lettuce[11]
- Liatris graminifolia Willd. – Grass-leaf Blazing-star[8][9][10][11]
- Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. - Spiked Blazing-star[7][9][10] {G5, S1}
- Matricaria discoidea DC. – Pineapple Weed[11]
- Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. – Climbing Hempweed[11]
- Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene (Syn. Aster acuminatus) - Whorled Wood Aster[8]
- Packera anonyma (Wood) W.A.Weber & A.Löve (Syn. Senecio smallii, Senecio anonymus) - Southern Ragwort[8][9][10][11]
- Packera paupercula (Michx.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Senecio balsamitae, Senecio pauperculus) - Balsam Ragwort, Balsam Groundsel[7][11]
- Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (Syn. Gnaphalium obtusifolium) - Rabbit-tobacco, Sweet Everlasting, Fragrant Cudweed[9][11]
- Rudbeckia hirta L. – Black-eyed Susan[8][10][11]
- Rudbeckia laciniata L. – Cutleaf coneflower, Green-head Coneflower[11]
- Rudbeckia triloba L. – Three-lobed Coneflower[9][11]
- Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. (Syn. Aster paternus) - Toothed White-top Aster[8][9][11]
- Solidago bicolor L. - Silver-rod[8][9][11]
- Solidago caesia L. - Blue-stemmed Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago canadensis L. - Canada Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago canadensis L. var. scabra Torr. & A.Gray - Tall Goldenrod[8][9][11]
- Solidago gigantea Aiton - Late Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago hispida Muhl. - Hispid Goldenrod[9]{G5, SH, X}
- Solidago juncea Aiton - Early Goldenrod[8][9][10][11]
- Solidago nemoralis Aiton - Gray Goldenrod[7][8][9][10][11]
- Solidago patula Muhl. - Rough-leaved Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago rigida L. - Stiff Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago rugosa Mill. - Wrinkle-leaf Goldenrod[8][9][11]
- Solidago stricta Aiton - Willow-leaf Goldenrod[11]
- Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd. - Elm-leaf Goldenrod[8][11]
- Taraxacum officinale Weber - Dandelion[8][11]
- Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster cordifolius) - Common blue wood aster[11]
- Symphyotrichum depauperatum (Fernald) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster depauperatus) - Eastern Serpentine Aster[7][9][10] {G2, S1, E}
- Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster dumosum) - Rice Button Aster[8]
- Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster ericoides) - White Heath Aster[8][11]
- Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster laevis) - Smooth Blue Aster[11]
- Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A.Löve & D.Löve (Syn. Aster lateriflorus) - Calico Aster[8][9][11]
- Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novae-angliae) - New England Aster[11]
- Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster novi-belgii) - New York Aster[7][9][10][11]
- Symphyotrichum patens (Aiton) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster patens) - Late Purple Aster[8][11]
- Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster pilosus) - Hairy White Heath Aster[8][9][11]
- Symphyotrichum racemosum (Elliott) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster racemosus) - Smooth White Oldfield Aster[8][9][10][11]
- Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) G.L.Nesom (Syn. Aster undulatus) - Wavy-leaf Aster[11]
- Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Bernh. - Feverfew[11]
- Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britton - Wingstem[11]
- Vernonia noveboracensis (L.) Michx. - New York Ironweed[7][8][10][11]
Balsaminaceae - (Touch-me-not Family)
- Impatiens capensis Meerb. – Common Jewelweed[8][10]
Boraginaceae - (Borage Family)
- Echium vulgare L. - Viper's Bugloss[8]
Brassicaceae - (Mustard Family)
- Arabidopsis lyrata L. - Lyre-leaved Rock Cress[7][8][9][10][11]
- Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. - Mouse-ear Cress[11]
- Barbarea vulgaris R.Br. - Winter Cress[8][9][11]
- Camelina microcarpa Andrz. - Small-fruited False-flax[9]
- Cardamine angustata O.E.Schulz (Syn. Dentaria heterophylla) - Slender Toothwort[10]
- Cardamine hirsuta L. - Hairy Bitter-cress
- Draba verna L. - Spring Draba, Whitlow-grass
- Lepidium campestre (L.) R.Br. - Field Peppergrass[8][9]
- Lepidium virginicum L. - Wild Peppergrass[8]
Campanulaceae - (Bellflower family)
- Lobelia cardinalis L. - Cardinal flower[10]
- Lobelia inflata L. - Indian Tobacco[8][10]
- Lobelia siphilitica L. - Great Lobelia [F, M, We]
- Lobelia spicata Lam. - Spiked Lobelia[7][8][10][11]
- Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (Syn. Specularia perfoliata) - Clasping Venus' Looking-glass[8]
Caryophyllaceae - (Pink Family)
- Cerastium arvense L. var. villosissimum (Muhl. ex Darl.) Hollick & Britt. (Syn. Cerastium arvense L. var. villosissimum Pennell) - Serpentine Chickweed[7][8][10][11]
- Cerastium vulgatum L. - Common Mouse-ear Chickweed[9]
- Dianthus armeria L. - Deptford Pink[8][10][11]
- Silene antirrhina L. - Sleepy Catchfly[9]
- Silene caroliniana Walter - Wild Pink[7]
- Silene latifolia Poir. - White Campion[8]
- Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - Common Chickweed
Chenopodiaceae - (Goosefoot Family)
- Chenopodium album L. - Lamb's quarters[8]
- Helianthemum bicknellii Fernald - Hairy Frostweed[8][9][11] {G5, S1, E}
- Lechea minor L. - Thyme-leaved Pinweed[11]
Clusiaceae - (Mangosteen Family)
- Hypericum canadense L. - Canadian St. John's Wort[11]
- Hypericum denticulatum Walter - Coppery St. John's Wort[8] {G5, S2, T}
- Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. - Pinweed [F, M]
- Hypericum mutilum L. - Dwarf St. John's Wort[8][11]
- Hypericum perforatum L. - St. John's Wort[8][9][11]
- Hypericum punctatum Lam. - Spotted St. John's Wort[8][9][11]
- Hypericum virginicum L. - Marsh St. John's Wort[11]
Convolvulaceae - (Morning glory Family)
- Calystegia spithamea (L.) Pursh - Low Bindweed[8] {G4, S2}
- Convolvulus arvensis L. - Field Bindweed[10]
- Cuscuta gronovii Willd. - Common Dodder[11]
Ericaceae - (Heath Family)
- Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh - Spotted wintergreen[10]
- Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C.Barton - Pipsissewa[10]
- Epigaea repens L. - Trailing Arbutus[10]
- Monotropa uniflora L. - Indian-pipe[8]
- Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.Br. - Wild Indigo[8][9][11]
- Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (Syn. Cassia fasciculata) - Large-flowered Partridge Pea[8][9][11]
- Chamaecrista nictitans (L.) Moench. (Syn. Cassia nictitans) - Wild Sensitive Plant[11]
- Crotalaria sagittalis L. - Rattlebox[8][9][10][11]
- Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. - Showy Tick-trefoil[11]
- Desmodium ciliare (Muhl.) DC. - Hairy Small-leaf Tick-trefoil[8][9][10]
- Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loudon - Large-bracted Tick-trefoil[10]
- Desmodium lineatum (Michx.) DC. - Linear-leaved Tick-trefoil[8][10] {G5, S1, E}
- Desmodium marilandicum (L.) DC. - Smooth Small-leaved Tick-trefoil[8][9][11]
- Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC. - Naked-flowered Tick-trefoil[8][9][10][11]
- Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. - Panicled Tick-trefoil[11]
- Desmodium rigidum (Elliott) DC. - Rigid Tick-trefoil[8][9][10] {G?, S1, E}
- Lathyrus latifolius L. - Everlasting pea[8][10]
- Lespedeza cuneata (Dumont) G.Don - Chinese Lespedeza[8][9]
- Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. - Korean Bushclover[8]
- Lespedeza virginica L. - Slender Bushclover[8][9][11]
- Medicago lupulina L. - Black Medic[8]
- Melilotus albus Desr. - White sweet clover[8][11]
- Melilotus officinalis Desr. - Yellow Sweet Clover[8][11]
- Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Britton - Pink Wild Bean[11]
- Trifolium aureum Pollich - Large Hop Trefoil[8]
- Trifolium dubium Sibth. - Little Hop Clover[8]
- Trifolium pratense L. - Red Clover[8]
- Vicia angustifolia Reichard - Narrow-leaved Vetch[8]
Gentianaceae - (Gentian Family)
- Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma (Syn. Gentiana crinita) - Fringed gentian[7][8][9][10] {G5, S1, E}
- Sabatia angularis (L.) Pursh - Rose Pink[7][8][9][10]
- Sabatia calycina (Lam.) A.Heller -[11]
Lamiaceae - (Mint Family)
- Cunila origanoides (L.) Britton - Common Dittany[8][9][11]
- Glechoma hederacea L. - Ground-ivy[8][10]
- Lamium amplexicaule L. - Henbit
- Lamium purpureum L. - Red Deadnettle
- Prunella vulgaris L. - Heal-all, Self-heal[8][10][11]
- Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walter) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. - Mountain-mint[11]
- Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrader - Narrow-leaved Mountain-mint[8]
- Scutellaria integrifolia L. - Hyssop Skullcap[11]
- Trichostema brachiatum L. (Syn. Isanthus brachiatus) - False Pennyroyal, Fluxweed[11]
- Linum medium (Planch.) Britton - Common Yellow Flax[8][9][11]
- Linum sulcatum Riddell - Grooved Yellow Flax[10] {G5, S1, E}
- Linum virginianum L. - Virginia Yellow Flax[7]
Lythraceae - (Loosestrife Family)
- Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. - Clammy Cuphea[11]
Melastomataceae - (Meadow-beauty Family)
- Rhexia mariana L. - Maryland Meadow Beauty[11]
Onagraceae - (Evening Primrose Family)
- Epilobium coloratum Biehler - Purple-leaved Willow-herb[11]
- Oenothera biennis L. - Common Evening Primrose[8][9]
- Oenothera fruticosa L. - Sundrops[8][9][11]
- Oenothera perennis L. - Small Sundrops[11]
- Oenothera tetragona Roth - Northern Sundrops[9][11]
Orobanchaceae - (Broomrape Family)
- Agalinis acuta Pennell - Sandplain Gerardia[9][10] {G1, S1, E, LE}
- Agalinis fasciculata (Elliott) Raf. - Fascicled Agalinis[8][10] {G5, S1, E}
- Agalinis obtusifolia Raf. - Blunt-leaf Agalinis[10][11] {G4, S1, E}
- Agalinis purpurea (L.) Pennell - Purple Gerardia[7][10]
- Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf. - Slender Gerardia[7][9][10]
- Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. - Fern-leaved False-foxglove[7][8][9][11]
Oxalidaceae - (Wood-sorrel Family)
- Oxalis dillenii Jacq. - Southern Yellow Wood-sorrel[8]
- Oxalis stricta L. - Common Yellow Wood-sorrel[8][11]
- Oxalis violacea L. - Violet Wood-sorrel [EU]
Papaveraceae - (Poppy Family)
- Sanguinaria canadensis L. - Bloodroot[10]
Phrymaceae - (Lopseed Family)
- Mimulus ringens L. - Square-stemmed Monkey Flower[9][10]
Phytolaccaceae - (Pokeweed Family)
- Phytolacca americana L. - Pokeweed[8][9][10]
Plantaginaceae - (Plantain Family)
- Chelone glabra L. - White Turtlehead[7]
- Linaria vulgaris Hill. - Butter and eggs[11]
- Penstemon digitalis Nutt. - Foxglove, Tall White Beard-tongue[8]
- Plantago aristata Michx. - Bracted Plantain[8][9]
- Plantago lanceolata L. - Ribwort Plantain[8]
- Plantago rugelii Decne. - Broad-leaved Plantain[8][9]
- Veronica arvensis L. - Corn Speedwell[11]
- Veronica hederifolia L. - Ivy-leaf Speedwell
- Veronica officinalis L. - Heath Speedwell[11]
- Veronica peregrina L. - Purslane Speedwell[11]
- Veronica persica Poir. - Persian Speedwell, Bird's-eye Speedwell
- Veronica serpyllifolia L. - Thyme-leaf Speedwell[11]
Polemoniaceae - (Phlox Family)
- Phlox subulata L. - Moss Phlox, Moss Pink[7][8][9][10][11]
Polygalaceae - (Milkwort Family)
- Polygala verticillata L. - Whorled Milkwort[8][9][10][11]
Polygonaceae - (Buckwheat Family)
- Polygonum pensylvanicum L. - Pennsylvania Smartweed[8][11]
- Polygonum tenue Michx. - Slender Knotweed[7][8][9][10][11]
- Rumex crispus L. - Curley Dock[8]
Portulacaceae - (Purslane Family)
- Claytonia virginica L. - Eastern spring beauty[10]
- Talinum teretifolium Pursh - Flameflower[7][8][9][10][11] {G4, S1}
Primulaceae - (Primrose Family)
- Anagallis arvensis L. - Scarlet Pimpernel[8]
Ranunculaceae - (Buttercup Family)
- Anemone quinquefolia L. - Wood Anemone[10]
- Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. - Black cohosh[9]
- Clematis virginiana L. - Virgin's Bower [Hand-out]
- Hepatica americana (DC.) KerGawler - Round-lobed Hepatica[10]
- Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin - Rue anemone[10]
- Potentilla canadensis L. - Dwarf Cinquefoil[11]
- Potentilla norvegica L. - Rough Cinquefoil[8]
- Potentilla recta L. - Rough-fruited Cinquefoil[8][9]
- Potentilla simplex Michx. - Common Cinquefoil[11]
- Sanguisorba canadensis L. - Canadian Burnet[7][8][9][10][11] {G5, S2, T}
- Houstonia caerulea L. (Syn. Hedyotis caerulea) - Bluets, Quaker Ladies[7][8][9][10][11]
- Houstonia purpurea L. (Syn. Hedyotis purpurea) - Large Houstonia [Hand-out]
Santalaceae - (Sandalwood Family)
- Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. - Bastard Toadflax[9]
Saxifragaceae - (Saxifrage Family)
- Saxifraga virginiensis Michx. - Early Saxifrage[8][9][10][11]
Scrophulariaceae - (Figwort Family)
- Verbascum blattaria L. - Moth Mullein[8][11]
- Verbascum thapsus L. - Common Mullein[8][10][11]
Solanaceae - (Nightshade Family)
- Solanum carolinense L. - Carolina horsenettle[8][10]
- Solanum dulcamara L. - Bittersweet[8]
Urticaceae - (Nettle Family)
- Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. - Wood-nettle[11]
- Viola palmata L. - Palmate-leaved Violet[9]
- Viola pedata L. - Bird's-foot Violet (lilac & bicolor)[7][8][10][11]
- Viola rotundifolia Michx. - Yellow Violet[10]
- Viola sagittata Aiton (Syn. V. fimbriatula) - Arrow-leaf Violet[7][8][9][10][11]
- Viola sororia Willd. (Syn. V. papilionacea) - Common Blue Violet[8][11]
Class Liliopsida - Monocotyledons
Amaryllidaceae - (Amaryllis Family)
- Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Coville - Yellow Stargrass[11]
- Acorus calamus L. - Sweet Flag, Calamus[11]
- Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott - Jack-in-the-Pulpit[10][11]
- Orontium aquaticum L. - Golden Club[11]
- Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Nutt. – Eastern Skunk Cabbage[10]
Commelinaceae - (Spiderwort Family)
- Commelina communis L. - Asiatic Dayflower[10]
- Tradescantia virginiana L. - Spiderwort[10]
Dioscoreaceae - (Yam Family)
- Dioscorea villosa L. - Wild yam[11]
- Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. - Stout Blue-eyed Grass[9]
- Sisyrinchium atlanticum E.P.Bicknell -[11]
- Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. - Slender Blue-eyed Grass[8][9][10][11]
- Allium canadense L. - Meadow Garlic[8]
- Allium vineale L. - Crow Garlic[11]
- Asparagus officinalis L. - Garden Asparagus[8]
- Hemerocallis fulva L. - Orange Daylily[8][11]
- Lilium superbum L. - Turk's-cap Lily[11]
- Ornithogalum umbellatum L. - Star-of-Bethlehem[11]
- Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott - Smooth Solomon's-seal[9]
- Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link (Syn. Smilicina racemosa) - False Solomon's Seal[10]
- Veratrum viride Aiton - Green false hellebore[11]
Orchidaceae - (Orchid Family)
- Cypripedium acaule Aiton - Pink Lady's Slipper[10]
- Galearis spectabilis L. - Showy Orchis[10]
- Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br. - Downy Rattlesnake Plantain[10]
- Liparis loeselii (L.) Rich. - Loesel's Twayblade[9][11]
- Spiranthes cernua (L.) Rich. - Nodding Ladies'-tresses[11]
- Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. (Syn. S. gracilis) - Slender Ladies'-tresses[7][9][10][11]
Smilacaceae - (Greenbrier Family)
- Smilax herbacea L. - Carrion Flower[11]
References
- ^ Maryland Department of Natural Resources (August 15, 2007). "Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area". Patapsco Valley State Park. Archived from the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ^ Maryland Department of Natural Resources (August 15, 2007). "Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area". Trail Guide. Patapsco Valley State Park. Archived from the original on December 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ^ Bob Conkwright, Division of Coastal and Estuarine Geology. "Soldiers Delight Serpentine Barrens, Baltimore County". Maryland's Geologic Features. Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ^ Flanagan-Brown, Riley E., Geological Society of America (November 6, 2001). "Soldiers delight natural environment area, Maryland, USA: Toward preservation of a rare, serpentinite-based ecosystem". GSA Annual Meeting, November 5–8, 2001. Johns Hopkins University. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Ann Prince; Josephine Thoms; John Prince (October 22, 2004). "Natural Communities - Serpentine Grasslands". Learn More About It. Wildlife and Heritage Service, National Office of The Nature Conservancy. Archived from the original on October 30, 2004. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- ^ Ed Uebel. "- - An Ongoing Survey - -". The Botanical Diversity of Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area. Retrieved 2007-12-23.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Fleming, Cristol, Marion B. Lobstein, and Barbara Tufty (1995). Finding Wildflowers in the Washington-Baltimore Area. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 312 pages.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt Monteferrante, Frank (1973). "Phytosociological Study of Soldiers Delight, Baltimore County, Maryland". Towson State College, Towson, Maryland.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz Reed, Clyde F. (1984). Floras of the Serpentinite Formations in Eastern North America, with descriptions of geomorphology and mineralogy of the formations. Baltimore Maryland: Reed Herbarium.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca Wennerstrom, Jack (1995). Soldiers Delight Journal - Exploring a Globally Rare Ecosystem. Pittsburg and London: University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 247 pages.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg Worthley, Elmer G. (1955–1985). List of Plants of Soldier's Delight. Unpublished.
Further reading
- Uebel, Edward C. (2000). Maryland Bryophytes Collected by Elmer G. Worthley. Silver Spring, Maryland: The Maryland Native Plant Society.
- Brown, Melvin L. & Russell G. Brown (1984). Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. Baltimore, Maryland: Port City Press.
- Davis, Charles A. (2004). List of Plants of Soldier's Delight. Unpublished.
- Gleason, Henry A. & Arthur Cronquist (1991). Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada (Second ed.). Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden. p. 910 pages.
- "Target building, Soldiers Delight Visitor Center". Google Hybrid Map. 2006. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- Holmgren, Noel H (1998). Illustrated Companion to Gleason and Cronquist's Manual. Illustrations of the Vascular Plants of Northeastern U. S. and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden. p. 937 pages.
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2007-12-13). "Explanation of Rank and Status Codes" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-04-04. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources (2007-11-13). "Rare, Threatened, and Endangered Species of Baltimore County, Maryland" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-17. Retrieved 2007-12-23.
See also
- Woody Plants of Soldiers Delight
- Graminoids of Soldiers Delight
- Ferns of Soldiers Delight
- Lichens of Soldiers Delight
- Lichens of Maryland
External links
- Baltimore County Public Library