List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio

Map indicating the human sex ratio by country.[1]
  Countries with more females than males
  Countries with more males than females
  Countries with very similar proportions of males and females (to 3 significant figures, i.e., 1.00 males to 1.00 females)
  No data
Sex ratio in India for census years 1931 to 2011 (in blue). The urban sex ratio (green) between 1951 and 2011 is consistently lower than the rural sex ratio (orange).[2][3] The red line is the estimate of sex ratio at birth according to the National Family Health Survey 4.[4]

Sex ratio is used to describe the ratio of females to males in a population. In India, the sex ratio has been estimated via a number of methods and data sets including the decennial censuses, the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS), the Civil Registration System, the Sample Registration System and the Health Management Information System.[5] In 2014, the ratio of female births per 1000 male births varied from 887 to 918 using these estimates.[6] According to the NFHS-4 (2015–16) sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) was 991 (with an urban ratio of 956 and a rural ratio of 1,009).[4]

In 2011–2013, it was revealed through a population census with the Sample Registration System (SRS) that the sex ratio of India was 909 females per 1000 of males.[7] It has skewed downwards from then, recording 900 females in 2013–2015 and 896 in 2015–17 per 1000 of males.[7][8] Furthermore, that survey conducted with the SRS also showed Chhattisgarh as the highest sex ratio at 961, while Haryana was recorded the lowest at 831.[8]

The male-skew in India's sex ratio has increased since the early 20th century. In 1901 there were 3.2 million fewer women than men in India, but by the 2001 Census the disparity had increased by more than a factor of 10, to 35 million.[9] This increase has been variously attributed to female infanticide, selective abortions (aided by increasing access to prenatal sex discernment procedures), and female child neglect.[9] It has been suggested that the motivation for this selection against female children is due to the lower status and perceived usefulness of women in India's patriarchal society.

Ranking of states and union territories

Map showing the sex ratio of each district in India based on the 2001 census data.

In the table below, the rank numbers represented by 'S' are for states while 'UT' are for union territories. The data in the table is based on the population census of 2001 and 2011.

No. State/ Union Territory NHFS-5 2011 Census 2001 Census Change (2001 to 2011)
Rank (Sex ratio at birth) Sex ratio at birth[10] Sex ratio Child sex ratio[11] Sex ratio[12][a] Child sex ratio[11] Sex ratio[12] Child sex ratio
1 Lakshadweep UT1 1051 947 911 948 959 Decrease (−1) Decrease (−48)
2 Tripura S1 1028 960 957 948 966 Increase (12) Decrease (−9)
3 Meghalaya S2 989 989 970 972 973 Increase (17) Decrease (−3)
4 Uttarakhand S3 984 963 890 962 908 Increase (1) Decrease (−18)
5 Arunachal Pradesh S4 979 938 972 893 964 Increase (45) Increase (8)
6 Karnataka S5 978 973 948 965 946 Increase (8) Increase (2)
7 Jammu and Kashmir[b] UT2 976 889 862 892 941 Decrease (−3) Decrease (−79)
8 West Bengal S6 973 950 956 934 960 Increase (16) Decrease (−4)
9 Mizoram S7 969 976 970 935 964 Increase (41) Increase (6)
10 Sikkim S8 969 890 957 875 963 Increase (15) Decrease (−6)
11 Manipur S9 967 992 930 978 957 Increase (14) Decrease (−27)
12 Assam S10 964 958 962 935 965 Increase (23) Decrease (−3)
13 Chhattisgarh S11 960 991 969 989 975 Increase (2) Decrease (−6)
14 Puducherry UT3 959 1037 967 1001 967 Increase (36) Steady
15 Madhya Pradesh S12 956 931 918 919 932 Increase (12) Decrease (−14)
16 Gujarat S13 955 919 890 920 883 Decrease (−1) Increase (7)
17 Kerala S14 951 1084 964 1058 960 Increase (26) Increase (4)
18 Nagaland S15 945 931 943 900 964 Increase (31) Decrease (−21)
19 Uttar Pradesh S16 941 912 902 898 916 Increase (14) Decrease (−14)
20 Andhra Pradesh S17 934 993 939 978 961 Increase (15) Decrease (−22)
India 929 943 919 933 927 Increase (10) Decrease (−8)
21 Delhi UT4 923 868 871 821 868 Increase (47) Increase (3)
22 Andaman and Nicobar Islands UT5 914 876 968 846 957 Increase (30) Increase (11)
23 Maharashtra S18 913 929 894 922 913 Increase (7) Decrease (−19)
24 Bihar S19 908 918 935 919 942 Decrease (−1) Decrease (−7)
25 Punjab S20 904 895 846 876 798 Increase (19) Increase (48)
26 Jharkhand S21 899 948 948 941 965 Increase (7) Decrease (−17)
27 Telangana[c] S22 894 988[13] - - - – –
28 Odisha S23 894 979 941 972 953 Increase (7) Decrease (−12)
29 Haryana S24 893 879 834 861 819 Increase (18) Increase (15)
30 Rajasthan S25 891 928 888 921 909 Increase (7) Decrease (−21)
31 Tamil Nadu S26 878 996 943 987 942 Increase (9) Increase (1)
32 Himachal Pradesh S27 875 972 909 968 896 Increase (4) Increase (13)
33 Goa S28 838 973 942 961 938 Increase (12) Increase (4)
34 Chandigarh UT6 838 818 880 777 845 Increase (41) Increase (35)
35 Dadra and Nagar Haveli[d] UT7 817 774 926 812 979 Decrease (−38) Decrease (−53)
36 Daman and Diu UT8 817 618 904 710 926 Decrease (−92) Decrease (−22)
Notes
  1. ^ "Child sex ratio" is the ratio of girls to boys in the age group of 0–6 years.
  2. ^ At the time of the census, Jammu and Kashmir was a state but from 31 October 2019, it has been split into two union territories, namely Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh.
  3. ^ At the time of the census Telangana was a part of Andhra Pradesh. Telangana was declared as a separate state in 2014.
  4. ^ At the time of the census Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu were separate union territories. They became one union territories, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, in 2020.

See also

States and union
territories of India
ordered by

References

  1. ^ Data from the CIA World Factbook [1] Archived 12 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Map compiled in 2021, data from 2020.
  2. ^ "5: Gender Composition of the Population" (PDF), Provisional Population Totals – India, pp. 78–96
  3. ^ "1: Population" (PDF), Women and Men in India. Population related statistics., Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  4. ^ a b "National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4): India Fact Sheet" (PDF). rchiips.org. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai. 2015–2016. Retrieved 10 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  5. ^ UNPFA, Sex Ratio at Birth in India (2020), 3.
  6. ^ UNPFA, Sex Ratio at Birth in India (2020), 5.
  7. ^ a b "Sex Ratio at Birth – India & Larger States". NITI Aayog. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  8. ^ a b Tripathi, Rahul (15 July 2019). "Survey shows sex ratio falling further to 896 in 3 years to 2017". The Economic Times. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  9. ^ a b Bakshi, Roopa. "Declining sex-ratios – a matter of concern". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  10. ^ "Update on Child Sex Ratio". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 17 December 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  11. ^ a b "Handbook of Statistics on Indian States 2020. Social and Demographic Indicators. Table 5: State-wise Sex Ratio". Reserve Bank of India. 13 October 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  12. ^ a b "Decline In Child Sex Ratio". Press Information Bureau. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. 11 February 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  13. ^ "Statistical Year Book 2015" (PDF). telangana.gov.in. Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Telangana. p. 3. Retrieved 10 September 2021. The sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1,000 males. This ratio for the state is 988 according to 2011 Census.
Bibliography
  • Kulkarni, Purushottam M. (2020), Sex Ratio at Birth in India: Recent Trends and Patterns (PDF), New Delhi, India: United Nations Population Fund, (A report prepared for the United Nations Population Fund)

Further reading

  • "Distribution of Population, Sex Ratio, Density And Decadal Growth Rate of Population (census-2011)". Election Commission of India. Retrieved 9 September 2021.(2011 figures)
  • "Provisional Population Totals and Annexures" (PDF). Government of India (2011). Census of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2012.
  • "Census of India 2001. Chapter 6: Sex Composition of the Population" (PDF). Census of India. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 March 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.
  • John, Mary E (16 April 2011). "Census 2011: Governing Populations and the Girl Child" (PDF). Economic & Political Weekly. XLVI (16) – via indiaenvironmentportal.org.in.
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