List of sovereign states in the 1850s

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (March 2009)

Sovereign states

A

• Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
  Capital: Kabul
•  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
  Capital: Andorra la Vella
•  Angoche – Angoche Sultanate
  Capital: Angoche
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
  Capital: Bernburg
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
  Capital: Dessau
• Anhalt-Köthen – Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen
  Capital: Köthen
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
  Capital: Mbarara
• Annam – Empire of Annam
  Capital: Huế
•  Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
  Capital: Monsol
•  Argentina – Argentine Confederation
  Capital: Paraná, Entre Ríos (from 1853)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
  Capital: Arochukwu
•  Ashanti – Asante Union
  Capital: Kumasi
•  Aussa – Sultanate of Aussa
  Capital: Asaita
•  Austria – Austrian Empire
  Capital: Vienna

B

•  Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
  Capital: Karlsruhe
•  Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
  Capital: Massenya
•  Bamana – Bambara Empire
  Capital: Ségou
•  Baol – Kingdom of Baol
  Capital: Diourbel
• Barotseland – Kingdom of Barotseland
•  Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
•  Baté Empire – Baté Empire
  Capital: Kankan
•  Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
  Capital: Munich
•  Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
  Capital: Brussels
•  Benin – Benin Empire
  Capital: Benin City
•  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
  Capital: Thimphu
• Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia
  Capital: Prague
• → Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
  Capital: La Paz
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
  Capital: Vaitape
• Bornu – Bornu Empire
  Capital: Ngazargamu
•  Brazil – Empire of Brazil
  Capital: Rio de Janeiro
•  Bremen – Free City of Bremen
• British India - Indian Empire
  Capital: Calcutta
• Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
•  Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
•  Bundu - State of Bundu to 1858
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
•  Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

• Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
•  Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
• Central Italy – United Provinces of Central Italy (from December 8, 1859)
• Chile – Republic of Chile
•  China – Great Qing Empire

Cook Islands → Rarotonga

• Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto
• Croatia – Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) (In Personal union with Kingdom of Hungary)

D

•  Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
•  Dar al Kuti – Sultanate of Dar Al Kuti
•  Dendi – Dendi Kingdom
• Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
• Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic

E

• Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador – El Salvador
•  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

•  Fiji – Tui Viti
•  Finland – Grand Duchy of Finland
• France
  • French Republic (to December 2, 1852)
  • French Empire (from December 2, 1852)
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
•  Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
•  Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

• Garhwal – Garhwal Kingdom
•  Garo – Kingdom of Garo
•  Gaza – Gaza Empire
•  Gera – Kingdom of Gera
•  Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (from May 22, 1858)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• → → Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
•  Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma
•  Gyaaman – State of Gyaaman

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
• → Haiti
  • Empire of Haiti (to January 15, 1859)
  • Republic of Haiti (from January 15, 1859)
•  Hamburg – Free city of Hamburg
•  Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
• Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
• Hohenzollern-Hechingen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen (to April 8, 1850)
• Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen – Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (to April 6, 1850)
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
•  Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine
• Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
•   Huraa – Huraa dynasty
•  Hyderabad State (princely state of British India)

J

•  Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
•  Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
•  Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Johor Sultanate
•  Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

•  Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
•  Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul (from 1858)
•  Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
• Kathiri – Kathiri Sultanate of Seiyun in Hadramaut
•  Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
•  Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
•  Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
•  Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• → Korea – Kingdom of Great Joseon
•  Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

•  Liberia – Republic of Liberia
• →  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
•  Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe-Detmoldt
•  Loango – Kingdom of Loango
• Lombardy–Venetia – Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
•  Luba – Luba Empire
• Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
•  Lunda – Lunda Empire
•  Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

•  Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
• Mangareva – Kingdom of Mangareva
•  Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
• Maryland – State of Maryland in Africa^[1] (from 29 May 1854 to 18 March 1857)
•  Massina – Massina Empire
•  Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• Mexico – Republic of Mexico
•  Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao
• Modena – Duchies of Modena and Reggio
• Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia
•  Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• → Montenegro
  • Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (to March 13, 1852)
  • Principality of Montenegro (from March 13, 1852)
•  Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman (from 1856)

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nejd – Emirate of Nejd
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
•  Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands
• New Granada – Republic of New Granada (renamed Granadine Confederation on May 22, 1858)
• → → Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua

Norway → Sweden and Norway

•  Nri – Kingdom of Nri

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
•  Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State (from February 17, 1854)
•  Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
•  Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
•  Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
•  Papal States – States of the Church
•  Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
•  Parma – Duchy of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla (to December 8, 1859)
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Sublime State of Persia
•  Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
•  Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

Q

• Qu'aiti – Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Muqalla in Hadramaut

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
•  Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga (from 1858)
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
• →  Russia – Russian Empire
•  Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
•  Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

•  Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
•  Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
•  Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
•  Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
• Siam – Kingdom of Siam
•  Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate

South African Republic → Transvaal

• Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu

Sweden → Sweden and Norway

•  Sweden and Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
• Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
•  Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
•  Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
•  Transvaal – South African Republic (from June 27, 1856)
• Tuscany – Grand Duchy of Tuscany
•  Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

U

•  United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• →  United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
•  Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

• → →  Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
•  Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
•  Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

• Yeke – Yeke Kingdom (from 1856)

Z

•  Zululand – Kingdom of Zululand

Non-sovereign territories

Oldenburg

• Lordship of In- and Kniphausen, protectorate of Oldenburg to 1854.

United Kingdom

•  Cape Colony – Cape of Good Hope

States claiming sovereignty

• Aceh – Sultanate of Aceh
• Germany – German Empire (to November 29, 1850)
•  Goust – Republic of Goust
• State of Buenos Aires (from September 11, 1852)
• Taiping Heavenly Kingdom - Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (from January 11, 1851)
• Tavolara – Kingdom of Tavolara

References