List of massacres in Romania
 | This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (June 2011) |
The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in the territory of present-day Romania (numbers may be approximate):
| Name | Date | Present location | Deaths | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siculeni massacre | 7 January 1764 | Csík-Mádéfalva, Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg monarchy (today Siculeni, Harghita County) | 400 Székelys | Memorial plaque unveiled on the spot in 1899 mentions 200 victims. |
| Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | late 1784 | Grand Principality of Transylvania, Habsburg Monarchy (today primarily Hunedoara County, Alba County, and Arad County, to a lesser extent also Brașov County, Sibiu County, Cluj County, Timiș County) | About 4,000 victims | Mostly Hungarian nobles and Hungarian civilians in towns were targeted in a total of 133 settlements. Further thousands were forcedly converted to Romanian Orthodoxy.[1] |
| Mihalț massacre | 2 June 1848 | Michelsdorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Mihalț, Alba County) | 12 armed Romanian peasants | After an illegal attack on a noble estate in the village, thousands of armed peasants from Obreja, Cistei, and Crăciunelu de Jos gathered to refuse the entry of the imperial investigative committee, and the entry of the official regiment sent by Anton von Puchner, commander in chief of the Austrian troops in Transylvania. The resulting armed clash killed 12 Romanian peasants and 1 Hungarian soldier. This was the first Transylvanian armed conflict in 1848 and played a major role in the exacerbation of political-ethnic differences in the region. |
| Nadab massacre | 10 September 1848 | Nadab, Arad County, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Nădab, Arad County) | 3 ethnic Romanians | Hungarian troops killed ethnic Romanian civilians after they opposed conscription.[2] |
| Aranyoslóna massacre | 12 September 1848 | Aranyoslóna | 30 Romanians | Hungarian troops massacred ethnic Romanian civilians after they tried to avoid conscription. |
| Geoagiu massacre | October 1848 | Gergesdorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Geoagiu, Hunedoara County) | 85 ethnic Hungarians[3]: 424 | Mostly civilians |
| Bucerdea Vinoasă massacre | October 1848 | Botschard, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Bucerdea Vinoasă, Alba County) | 73 ethnic Hungarians[3]: 424 | Mostly civilians |
| Stremț massacre | October 1848 | Nussschloss, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Stremț, Alba County) | 25 ethnic Hungarians[4] | Local noble families |
| Alba Iulia massacre | October 1848 | Karlsburg, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Alba Iulia, Alba County) | 42 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[3]: 337 |
| Grindeni massacre | October 1848 | Gerendkeresztúr, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Grindeni, Mureș County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[3]: 424 |
| Lunca Mureșului massacre | October 1848 | Holten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Lunca Mureșului, Mureș County) | 60 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians[3]: 424 |
| Hațeg massacre | October 1848 | Wallenthal, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Hațeg, Hunedoara County) | 15 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians massacred on the order of the Romanian Orthodox priest.[3]: 376 |
| Ocna Mureș massacre | October 1848 | Miereschhall, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Ocna Mureș, Alba County) | 90 ethnic Hungarians | Civilians living in the town[3]: 376 |
| Micăsasa massacre | October 1848 | Feigendorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Micăsasa, Sibiu County) | 150 ethnic Hungarians | All locals except for one family were massacred[5] |
| Sângătin massacre | 14 October 1848 | Kleinenyed, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Sângătin, Sibiu County) | 140–175 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians |
| Zlatna massacre | 22–24 October 1848 | Kleinschlatten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Zlatna, Alba County) | 8–10 Romanian spearmen 700 ethnic Hungarians |
All the Hungarian civilians fled from the town but were raided near the village Presaca Ampoiului and were all massacred. The town was completely destroyed.[3]: 420 [6]: 682 [7] |
| Ighiu massacre | 29 October 1848 | Grabendorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Ighiu, Alba County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | The entire Hungarian population of the village, except for the Hungarian priest was massacred.[3]: 420 |
| Bochia massacre | 30 October 1848 | Boklya, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Bochia, Arad County) | 30 ethnic Hungarians[3]: 424 | Mostly civilians |
| Unirea massacre | 13 November 1848 | Oberwinz, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Unirea, Alba County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians[3]: 424 | The whole village was destroyed and most civilians massacred |
| Aiud massacre | 8–17 January 1849 | Straßburg am Mieresch, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Aiud, Alba County) | 800–1,000 ethnic Hungarians | Mostly civilians. The whole city with the ancient Bethlen College was burned and destroyed.[6]: 682 Mass rape and torture.[8] |
| Iara massacre | 15 and 17 January 1849 | Jahren, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Iara, Cluj County) | 150 ethnic Hungarians and 33 ethnic Romanians | Civilians[3]: 433 |
| Benic massacre | January 1849 | Unter-Hahnenberg, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Benic, Alba County) | 400 ethnic Hungarians[3]: 424 | By the order of the Romanian Greek Catholic priest, the entire Hungarian population was wiped out[6]: 695 |
| Heria massacre | January 1849 | Brenndorf, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Heria, Alba County) | 18 ethnic Hungarians | |
| Abrud massacre | 9 and 17 May 1849 | Großschlatten, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Abrud, Alba County) | 1,100–1,200 ethnic Hungarians | Mass torture and rape. Casualties were mostly miners and officers and their families.[3]: 433 |
| Buceș massacre | 9 May 1849 | Bucsesd, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Buceș, Hunedoara County) | 200 ethnic Hungarians | |
| Butyin massacre | 6 August 1848 | Butyin, Arad County, Grand Principality of Transylvania, Austrian Empire (today Buteni, Arad County) | 8 ethnic Romanians | Ethnic Romanians killed for opposing the plundering by Hungarian troops.[9] |
| Massacres during the Peasants' Revolt | March–April 1907 | Western Moldavia and southern Wallachia, Kingdom of Romania | cca. 11,000 peasants | Peasants rebelling against economic conditions killed in various places across the country |
| 1916 Galați massacre | 13 June 1916 | Galați, Covurlui County, Kingdom of Romania (today Galați, Galați County) | 9 workers | Workers participating in an anti-war demonstration shot by the army[10][11] |
| Lăzarea massacre | 22 September 1916 | Gyergyószárhegy, Austria-Hungary (today Lăzarea, Harghita County) | 8 Hungarian civilians | The leadership of the village was shot in a mass grave without trial, further 57 civilians only escaped because a high-ranking officer arrived and stopped the massacre.[12] |
| Beliș massacre | 8 November 1918 | Jósikafalva, Austria-Hungary (today Beliș, Cluj County) | 41–50 civilians | Mostly ethnic Romanians |
| Theater's Square massacre | 13 December 1918 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | up to 102 workers | Striking workers shot by the army |
| Tărcaia and Grădinari massacres | 19 April 1919 | Köröstárkány and Kisnyégerfalva, Hungarian Soviet Republic (today Tărcaia and Grădinari, Bihor County) | 108 ethnic Hungarians | All civilians.[13] |
| Lupeni massacre | 6 August 1929 | Lupeni, Hunedoara County, Kingdom of Romania | 22 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
| Grivița massacre | 16 February 1933 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | 7 workers | Striking workers shot by the army and the gendarmerie |
| 1940 Galați massacre | 30 June 1940 | Galați, Covurlui County, Kingdom of Romania (today Galați, Galați County) | 80 to 400 Bessarabian and Jewish refugees | Bessarabians returning home and Jewish Romanians wanting to escape the anti-Semitic regime shot while waiting to cross into the Soviet Union |
| Dorohoi pogrom | 1 July 1940 | Dorohoi, Dorohoi County, Kingdom of Romania (today Dorohoi, Botoșani County) | 53 Jews | Jewish community in Dorohoi claims the death toll between 165 and 200.[14] |
| Nușfalău massacre | 8 September 1940 | Szilágynagyfalu, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Nușfalău, Sălaj County) | 11 ethnic Romanians | |
| Treznea massacre | 9 September 1940 | Treznea, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Treznea, Sălaj County) | 93 ethnic Romanians and Jews | |
| Ip massacre | 14 September 1940 | Ip, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Ip, Sălaj County) | 157 ethnic Romanians | 158, including an unborn child[15] |
| Jilava massacre | 26 November 1940 | Jilava, Ilfov County, Kingdom of Romania | 64 political detainees | |
| Bucharest pogrom | 22 January 1941 | Bucharest, Kingdom of Romania | 120 Jews | Other five Jews were missing and presumed dead.[16] |
| Iași pogrom | 29 June - 6 July 1941 | Iași, Iași County, Kingdom of Romania | 13,266 Jews | Under the direction of Marshal Ion Antonescu, one third of the city's Jewish population was exterminated |
| Aita Seacă massacre | 4 September 1944 | Szárazajta, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Aita Seacă, Covasna County) | [17][18] | | |
| Luduș massacre | 5–13 September 1944 | Marosludas, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Luduș, Mureș County) | 15 Jews and 2 ethnic Romanians | |
| Sărmașu massacre | 17 September 1944 | Nagysármás, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Sărmașu, Mureș County) | 126 Jews | |
| Hărcana massacre | 24 September 1944 | Hărcana, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Hărcana, Cluj County) | 18 ethnic Romanians | |
| Various massacres by the Maniu Guard | September–October 1944 | Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary | 49 ethnic Hungarians | Mihăileni, Gheorgheni, Sândominic, Zimbor, Aghireș, Huedin |
| Moisei massacre | 14 October 1944 | Majszin, Northern Transylvania, Kingdom of Hungary (today Moisei, Maramureș County) | 29 ethnic Romanians | Two men were also seriously injured.[19] |
| Eugen Grigore case | July 1974 | Ciurea, Iași County, Socialist Republic of Romania | 24 Romani | Around 50 other people were also injured.[20] |
| Romanian Revolution of 1989 | 16–25 December 1989 | Main Romanian cities, Socialist Republic of Romania | 1,104 | |
| Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureș | 19–21 March 1990 | Târgu Mureș, Mureș County, Romania | 5 | Hundreds of people were also wounded. |
| June 1990 Mineriad | 13–15 June 1990 | Bucharest, Romania | 6–100 | |
| September 1991 Mineriad | 25–28 September 1991 | Bucharest, Romania | 4 | |
| Hădăreni riots | 20 September 1993 | Hădăreni, Mureș County, Romania | 3 | |
| 2012 Bucharest hair salon shooting | 5 March 2012 | Bucharest, Romania | 5 | A 51-year old man killed 2 people and injured another 8 people in a salon in Bucharest. |
| Gheorghe Dinca killings | 25 July 2019 | Caracal, Romania | 2 | A 65-year old man is suspected to kill 2 minor girls. |
| Săpoca Hospital massacre | 18 August 2019 | Săpoca, Buzău County, Romania | 7 | A 38-year-old man hospitalised at The Săpoca Hospital killed 5 people and hurt 8 with an infusion stand |
| Bascov killings | 9 August 2022 | Bascov, Argeș County, Romania | 5 | A 52-year-old mentally ill man killed 5 members of his family.[21] |
| Timișoara killings | 29 June 2023 | Timișoara, Timiș County, Romania | 2 | A 38-year old man killed 2 elder people. |
See also
- 1848–1849 massacres in Transylvania
- 1940–1944 massacres in Transylvania
References
- ^ Dr. Kosztin Árpád, Az Erdélyben elkövetett magyarellenes román kegyetlenkedések időrendje és leltára, Budapest, 2000, pp. 13.
- ^ Ela Cosma. Cronologia anilor 1848/1849 Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine History Institute "George Barițiu", Cluj-Napoca. "10 septembrie 1848, Nădab – conflictul dintre câteva mii de români, înarmați cu coase, refuzând recrutarea în armata ungară, și unitățile militare din Arad, ce omoară și ucid mai mulți răsculați."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Gracza, György (1894), History of the 1848–49 Hungarian War of Independence, vol. II, Budapest
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Verzeichniss der, während der jüngsten Revolution im Kronlande Siebenbürgen auf verschiedene Weise gefallenes Menschenopfer. Wien, 1851, 24–25. o.
- ^ Jakab, Elek (1894). The War of Independence. Vol. II. Budapest. p. 385.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Jancsó, Benedek (1896). History and Current State of Romanian Irredentist Movements. Vol. II. Budapest.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Horváth Mihály, History of the War of Independence of Hungary, Budapest, 1894, Volume II, pp. 405.
- ^ Kemény Gábor, Nagy-Enyednek és vidékének veszedelme 1848-49-ben : történeti vázlat, Pest, 1863, pp. 347-348.
- ^ (Romanian) Dumitru Suciu, Soldați fără uniformă ai Landsturmului românesc și starea protopopiatelor ortodoxe din Transilvania după Războiul Național din 1848–1849 p. 11-12. Accessed 2013-06-28. Archived 2013-06-30.
- ^ Mazilu, Cornelia (6 February 2021). "„Revoluţionarul" inventat de bolşevici care încă are statuie în centrul unui mare oraş din România - adevarul.ro". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Dobrincu, Dorin (7 September 2020). "Geneza comunismului românesc (XVIII)". moldova.europalibera.org (in Romanian). Retrieved 22 December 2023.
- ^ Láng Melinda: Szépapám rossz időben rossz helyen... Az 1916-os gyergyószárhegyi tragédia http://www.muvelodes.ro/index.php/Cikk?id=1178
- ^ Eva Nyari, Le Moment de L'éternite, Paris, 2014, pp. 18.
- ^ I. Scurtu, Constantin Mocanu, Doina Smarcea, Documente privind istoria României între anii 1918–1944, Didactic and Pedagogical Publishing House, Bucharest, 1995, pp. 529–530
- ^ Dr. Petre Țurlea, Ip și Trăznea: Atrocități maghiare și acțiune diplomatică, Encyclopedic Publishing House, Bucharest, 1996
- ^ Iaacov Geller, Rezistența spirituală a evreilor români în timpul Holocaustului, pp. 430–431, Hasefer Publishing House, 2004
- ^ Cosmin Pătrașcu Zamfirache (6 December 2016). "Cum s-au măcelărit secuii cu românii în urmă cu 72 de ani. Misterele carnagiului de la Aita Seacă și teroarea declanșată apoi". Adevărul (in Romanian). Retrieved 2 September 2022.
- ^ The Aita Seacă (Szárazajta) massacre (in Hungarian)
- ^ Gheorghe Coman, Pe urmele eroilor de la Moisei, Limes Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2000
- ^ "Cine a fost, de fapt, Eugen Grigore? Povestea nefardată a criminalului omagiat de galeria Stelei" [Who was, in fact, Eugen Grigore? The unadulterated story of the murderer honored by Steaua's gallery] (in Romanian). Gsp.ro. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 30 November 2020.
- ^ "Bărbatul din Argeș care și-a ucis 5 membri ai familiei a fost arestat preventiv". Digi24 (in Romanian). August 10, 2022. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
