List of locations with a subtropical climate

This list of locations with a subtropical climate specifically lists locations considered within the subtropics. The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th parallel in both hemispheres. Subtropical climate regions can exist at high elevations within the tropics, such as across the Mexican Plateau and the Ethiopian Highlands and in Da Lat of the Vietnamese Central Highlands. These regions can also exist beyond 45 degrees poleward due to maritime influences on the NW European and Argentinian coasts, according to Trewartha.

Six climate classifications utilise the term to help define the various temperature and precipitation regions for the planet Earth. Using the Trewartha climate classification eight or more months of the year within the subtropics have an average temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F). The Köppen climate classification instead classifies the warmest month above 22 °C (71.6 °F) and the coldest above 0 °C (32 °F) or −3 °C (26.6 °F) depending on preference. Under both classifications, at least one month must average below 18 °C (64.4 °F) or the climate is considered tropical.

Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C.^[1] The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. On the warmer side of the line, the majority of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable length of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants which can withstand the cold. The [16 °C-18 °C] segment is often "simplified" as 17 °C (= 2^{(log₂12+0;5)} ≈ 16.97 °C).^[2]

The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.

However Wladimir Köppen has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (BWh or BSh) having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to 18 °C (64.4 °F) from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (BWk or BSk) whose annual temperature average is lower.^[3] This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge's.

A great portion of the world's deserts are located within the subtropics, due to the development of the subtropical ridge. Within the humid monsoon regions in the subtropics such as Northern Vietnam (including Hanoi), a wet season is seen annually during the summer, which is when most of the yearly rainfall falls. Within the Mediterranean climate region, the wet season occurs during the winter. Areas bordering warm oceans are prone to locally heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones, which can contribute a significant percentage of the annual rainfall. Plants such as date palms, citrus, mango, litchi, and avocado are grown within the subtropical zones.

This is not a complete list and is not intended to be one. Many of the higher mountains at tropical latitudes have sparsely (if at all) inhabited areas with a subtropical climate.

Africa

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.}

• Algeria: Algiers, Oran, Tamanrasset
• Angola: Cuíto¹, Huambo¹, Lubango¹, Luena, Menongue,^[4] Moçâmedes
• Botswana: Francistown, Gaborone, Maun
• Cape Verde: Achada Furna¹, Chã das Caldeiras¹
• Chad: Tibesti Mountains
• Democratic Republic of the Congo: Kolwezi², Likasi, Lubumbashi
• Djibouti: Airolaf
• Egypt: Alexandria, Aswan, Cairo
• Eritrea: Asmara¹, Keren¹, Nakfa
• Eswatini: Mbabane¹
• Ethiopia: Addis Ababa¹, Bahir Dar², Jijiga¹
• Kenya: Eldoret¹, Nairobi¹, Nakuru¹
• Lesotho: Maseru¹
• Libya: Al Jawf, Benghazi, Sabha, Tripoli
• Madagascar: Antananarivo¹, Antsirabe¹, Fianarantsoa¹
• Malawi: Dedza¹, Lilongwe
• Mali: Taoudenni^{2 [5]}
• Mauritania: Zouérat
• Mauritius: Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire
• Morocco: Casablanca, Essaouira¹, Fez, Marrakesh, Meknes, Rabat, Tangier
• Mozambique: Lichinga¹
• Namibia: Keetmanshoop, Lüderitz¹, Swakopmund¹, Walvis Bay¹, Windhoek
• Niger: Aïr Mountains
• Réunion: Interior (beaches are tropical)
• São Tomé and Príncipe: Pico de São Tomé¹
• Somalia: Erigavo¹
• Somaliland: Hargeisa
• South Africa: most of including Bloemfontein, Cape Town¹, Durban, Johannesburg¹, Kimberley, Musina, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth¹, and Pretoria.
• South Sudan: Imatong Mountains (highest areas only)
• Tanzania: Arusha¹, Mbeya¹,
• Tunisia: Medenine, Tunis
• Uganda: Kabale^1[6]
• Western Sahara: Laayoune
• Zambia: Livingstone, Lusaka, Ndola
• Zimbabwe: Bulawayo¹, Harare¹, Marondera¹
• Islands of the European Union around the Atlantic coast of NW Africa:
  • Canary Islands, Spain: Central El Hierro; Fuerteventura²; Lanzarote; San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife¹; Santa Cruz de La Palma²
  • Madeira archipelago, Portugal
• Ceuta, Melilla, and Plazas de soberanía, Spain.
• Pantelleria and the Pelagie Islands, Italy
• British islands in the South Atlantic:
  • Saint Helena: Longwood¹
  • Tristan da Cunha archipelago¹

Asia

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Which borders on a fully tropical climate..
^3 Borderline.}

• Afghanistan: Herat, Jalalabad, Kandahar, Khost, Kunduz, Lashkargah, Mazar-i-Sharif
• Akrotiri and Dhekelia
• Azerbaijan: Astara, Baku, Lankaran, Mingachevir³, Şirvan
• Bahrain: Manama
• Bangladesh: Dinajpur, Rangpur City, Saidpur
• Bhutan: Thimphu¹
• Brunei: Pagon Hill¹
• Cambodia: Cardamom Mountains
• China: Beiliu, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dongguan, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Guilin, Guiyang, Hangzhou, Hefei, Kunming¹, Nanjing, Nanning, Ningbo, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Suzhou, Turpan¹, Wuhan, Xiamen, Yangzhou, Zhengzhou³
• Cyprus: Ayia Napa,^[7] Larnaca, Limassol, Nicosia
• Egypt: Sinai Peninsula
• Georgia: Batumi, Kutaisi,^[8] Sukhumi (capital of Abkhazia), Zugdidi³
• Greece: Chios, Dodecanese Islands, Lesbos
• Hong Kong: Kowloon, Wan Chai
• India: Agartala, Agra, Aizawl, Allahabad, Amritsar, Bhopal², Cardamom Hills, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Delhi, Dhanbad², Dimapur, Faridabad, Gangtok¹, Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Imphal, Itanagar, Jaipur, Jammu, Kanpur, Kodaikanal¹, Kohima¹, Lucknow, Ludhiana, Meerut, Ooty¹, Patna, Ranchi, Shillong¹, Shimla¹, and Varanasi.
• Indonesia: Batu¹, Barisan Mountains¹, Bromo Tengger Semeru¹, Dieng Plateau¹, Puncak pass¹
• Iran: Ahvaz, Bandar Abbas²,^[9] Bandar-e Anzali, Birjand, Bushehr, Gorgan, Ilam, Isfahan, Kashan, Kerman, Khorramabad, Qom, Rasht, Sabzevar, Sari, Saveh, Semnan, Shiraz, lower elevations of Tehran, Yazd, Zahedan
• Iraq: Baghdad, Basra, Erbil, Mosul, Sulaymaniyah
• Israel: Eilat, Haifa, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv
• Japan: Bonin Islands², Fukuoka, Hiroshima, Izu Islands, Jōetsu, Kanazawa, Kumagaya, Kyoto, Maebashi, Matsuyama, Nagasaki, Nagoya, Naha, Nasushiobara³, Niigata,^[10] Okayama, Osaka, Sado³,^[11] Tokyo, Yamaguchi³, Yokohama.
• Jordan: Amman, Petra
• Kuwait: Kuwait City
• Laos: Phongsali¹, Phonsavan
• Lebanon: Beirut, Tripoli
• Macau: Coloane, Taipa
• Malaysia: Brinchang¹, Cameron Highlands¹, Genting Highlands¹
• Myanmar: Hakha¹, Lashio, Mogok, Myitkyina², Putao Town, Tamu, Taunggyi
• Nepal: Kathmandu, Pokhara
• Northern Cyprus: North Nicosia
• Oman: Saiq
• Pakistan: most of (except for tropical Arabian Sea coast) including Faisalabad, Hyderabad², Islamabad, Lahore, Mardan, Multan, Muzaffarabad, Peshawar, and Quetta.
• Palestinian territories: East Jerusalem, Gaza City, Nablus
• Philippines: Baguio^{1 2},^[12] Balbalan², La Trinidad¹
• Qatar: Doha²
• Saudi Arabia: Dammam, Dhahran, Hofuf, Jubail, Medina², Riyadh, Tabuk
• South Korea: Busan, Changwon, Geochagundo, Geoje, Jeju, Tongyeong, Ulsan³,^[13] Yeosu
• Sri Lanka: Nuwara Eliya¹
• Syria: Aleppo, Damascus, Homs, Latakia, Raqqa
• Taiwan: Chiayi, Hsinchu, Penghu (disputed with China), Taichung, Tainan, Taipei
• Tajikistan: Bokhtar, Dushanbe³, Kulob
• Turkey: Adana, Antakya, Antalya, Batman³, Bursa, Çanakkale, Gaziantep, İnebolu, İskenderun, Istanbul (also in Europe)³, İzmir, Mersin, Samsun, Sinop³, Tekirdağ (Europe), Trabzon³, Urfa
• Turkmenistan: Ashgabat, Balkanabat, Mary^[14]
• United Arab Emirates: Sharjah
• Uzbekistan: Bukhara³, Namangan³, Navoiy³, Qarshi, Tashkent³, Termez
• Vietnam: Da Lat¹, Haiphong, Hanoi, Sa Pa¹
• Yemen: Hajjah, Kawkaban, Sana¹

Americas

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.
^4 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.}

• Argentina: Extreme north to coastal Chubut Province including Buenos Aires, Comodoro Rivadavia³, Mar del Plata¹, Mendoza, Neuquén, Rawson³, Rosario, Salta¹, San Miguel de Tucumán, and Viedma
• Bermuda⁴
• Bolivia: Cochabamba¹, lower elevations of La Paz¹, Sucre¹, Tarija¹
• Brazil: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and parts of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo states including the city of São Paulo. Also Petrópolis and Teresópolis¹ in Rio de Janeiro State and highlands of Minas Gerais including Juiz de Fora and Três Corações.
• Chile: North of 40°S including Antofagasta¹, Arica, Concepción¹, Copiapó, Iquique, Juan Fernández Islands¹, Rancagua¹, Santiago¹, Temuco³, Valdivia³,^[15] and Valparaíso¹.
• Colombia: Bogotá¹, Manizales¹, Tunja¹
• Costa Rica: Mount Chirripó¹
• Dominican Republic: Constanza¹
• Ecuador: Ambato¹, Cuenca¹, Latacunga¹, Quito¹, Riobamba^{1 [16]}
• El Salvador: Cerro El Pital¹
• Guatemala: Antigua Guatemala¹, Cobán¹, Fraijanes¹, Quetzaltenango¹
• Haiti: Kenscoff^{1 4 [17]}
• Honduras: La Esperanza¹, Santa Rosa de Copán¹, Siguatepeque⁴
• Jamaica: Blue Mountains¹
• Mexico: Almost all of the northern part (Culiacán and Los Cabos are tropical) and some other highland areas including the Mexican Plateau. Major cities include Aguascalientes City, Ciudad Juárez, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, León, Matamoros, Mexicali, Mexico City¹, Monterrey, Puebla¹, Querétaro City, Reynosa, San Luis Potosí City¹, Tijuana, and Torreón. Also Ciudad Constitución, Ciudad Victoria, Durango City, Ensenada, Guadalupe Island¹, Guanajuato City, La Paz, Morelia¹, Pachuca¹, Rosarito¹, Saltillo, Tepic, Tlaxcala City¹, Toluca¹, Xalapa¹, and Zacatecas City¹.
• Nicaragua: Mogotón¹
• Panama: Cerro Punta¹
• Paraguay: southern areas including Asunción⁴ and Ciudad del Este
• Peru: Arequipa¹, Cajamarca¹, Chachapoyas¹, Cusco¹, Lima, Trujillo
• United States: East Coast from the southern Delmarva Peninsula to Florida (but not including tropical South Florida, Everglades, and the Florida Keys), Gulf Coast, parts of the inland South and Southwest, and the West Coast from San Diego to northern California and coastal southern Oregon. Major cities: Atlanta;^[18] Austin;^[19] Baltimore²;^[20] Birmingham;^[21] Charlotte;^[22] Dallas;^[23] El Paso;^[24] Fresno, CA;^[25] Greensboro, NC²;^[26] Greenville, SC;^[27] Houston;^[28] Jacksonville;^[29] Knoxville, TN²;^[30] Las Vegas;^[31] Los Angeles¹;^[32][33] Memphis;^[34] Nashville²;^[35] New Orleans;^[36] Norfolk;^[37] Oklahoma City;^[38] Orlando;^[39] Phoenix;^[40] Raleigh;^[41] Richmond, VA²;^[42] Riverside, CA;^[43] Sacramento;^[44] San Antonio;^[45] San Diego¹;^[46] San Francisco¹;^[47] San Jose¹;^[48] Tampa;^[49] Tucson;^[50] Tulsa;^[51] Washington, D.C.².^[52] The humid subtropical zone of the US South according to Trewartha is coloured yellow-green on this map: [1] If using the Köppen climate classification with the 0 °C coldest-month isotherm, the subtropics extend from Martha's Vineyard, extreme SW Rhode Island, and most of Long Island to central Florida in the eastern states, include the southern tier of the Midwest, and extend as far north as the Columbia Valley of SE Washington in the inland west. Under this definition Boise, Cincinnati, Denver, Harrisburg, and St. Louis are borderline and Walla Walla, Washington is Csa, but the Pacific coastline is Csb.
• Uruguay: All
• Venezuela: Mérida^{1 4}, Mucuchíes¹

Europe

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Borderline only in Trewartha's classification.}

• Albania: Durrës, Elbasan, Shkodër, Tirana, Vlorë
• Bosnia and Herzegovina: Coastal strip including Neum, Mostar^{2 [53]}
• Bulgaria: Sandanski, Sozopol, Sunny Beach, Tsarevo, Varna²
• Crimea: Yalta² (disputed between Russia and Ukraine)
• Croatia: Dubrovnik, Pula, Rijeka²,^[54] Split, Zadar
• France: Ajaccio, Avignon, Belle Île¹, Biarritz¹, Bordeaux¹, Cannes, Île d'Yeu¹, La Rochelle³, Lourdes³, Marseille, Montpellier, Narbonne,^[55] Nice, Nîmes, Noirmoutier³, Perpignan, Toulon, Toulouse², Ushant³
• Gibraltar
• Greece: Athens, Corfu, Heraklion, Larissa, Patras, Thessaloniki
• Italy: Bari, Cagliari, Capri,^[56] Elba, Florence, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Palermo, Pescara, Pisa, Rome, Taranto, Trieste²
• Malta: Birkirkara, Valletta
• Monaco
• Montenegro: Bar, Podgorica
• North Macedonia: Gevgelija
• Portugal: Azores, Braga¹, Coimbra, Faro, Lisbon, Porto¹
• Russia: Sochi and Tuapse on the coast of Krasnodar Krai
• San Marino (lower areas are borderline)
• Slovenia: Koper²
• Spain: A Coruña¹, Alicante, Almería, Balearic Islands, Barcelona, Bilbao¹, Cádiz, Córdoba, Gijón¹, Granada, Huesca², Logroño, Madrid, Málaga, Mérida, Murcia, San Sebastián¹, Santander¹, Seville, Toledo, Valencia, Vigo¹, Zaragoza
• United Kingdom: Bailiwick of Guernsey³,^[57] Isles of Scilly³, Jersey³,^[58] Penzance^{3 [59]}
• Vatican City

Oceania

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.
^2 Borderline.
^3 Which borders on a fully tropical climate.}

• Australia: New South Wales (though not most of the Tablelands and Highland regions), Jervis Bay Territory, lower elevations of Australian Capital Territory (Canberra is borderline only in Trewartha's classification), parts of Queensland and Western Australia, most of South Australia and Victoria, and Alice Springs in the Northern Territory. Major cities in Australia include Sydney, Melbourne¹,^[60] Perth, Brisbane, and Adelaide. Also Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island in the Pacific; coastal Tasmania including Hobart^{1 [61]} and Launceston¹;^[62] and Mount Isa^[63] and Rockhampton,^[64] Queensland.
• Indonesia: Jayawijaya Mountains¹, Malino^{1 3}, Mamasa¹ Regency
• New Zealand: Using the Trewartha climate classification: The north and coastal regions of the North Island including the Auckland, Northland, and Bay of Plenty regions^[65] and Wellington.^[66] Also Blenheim,^[67] Hokitika,^[68] Nelson,^[69] Okarito,^[70] and Westport^[71] in the South Island; the Kermadec Islands to the NE of the North Island; and the Chatham Islands^{2 [72]} to the east of the South Island. Using the Köppen climate classification, New Zealand has an oceanic climate except for the Kermadecs, which are humid subtropical.
• Papua New Guinea: Kainantu¹,^[73] Wabag¹
• Polynesia: Bass Islands, French Polynesia³;^[74] highlands of the Hawaiian Islands; Adamstown, Pitcairn Islands³ (Pitcairn beaches are tropical) ^[75]

Southern Indian Ocean

^{^1 Only in Trewartha's classification.}

• French Southern and Antarctic Lands: Île Amsterdam¹ [2], Île Saint-Paul¹

References